Vol. I, No. 10 



FEBRUARY 1, 1922 



UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION 

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 
EXTENSION BULLETIN 




THE PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

A HAND-BOOK FOR NORTH CAROLINA 



PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 

Entered as second-class matter Sept. 1. 1921 

CHAPEL HILL, N. C. 



^01 



'"^^wjph 



UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 
EXTENSION BULLETIN 

FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF EXTENSION LEAFLETS "WHICH WILL BE SENT TOD 
trPON APPLICATION EITHER FREE OR FOR THE PRICE LISTED : 

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Vol. I, No. 3. Correspondence Courses, 1921-1922. Free. 

Vol. I, No. 4. Bureau of Public Discussion. Free. 

Vol. I, No. 5. Social Service. Free. 

Vol. I, No. 6. The Rural Playground. Free. 

EXTENSION LEAFLETS 

Vol. I, No. 10. Selections for Speaking in the Public_ Schools : I. Lee, Lincoln, 

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ADDRESS: UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION. 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 



UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION 

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 
EXTENSION BULLETIN 




THE PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

A HANDBOOK FOR NORTH CAROLINA 



BY 

HAROLD D. MEYER 

Supervisor of Field Work, School of Public Welfare 



PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 

CHAPEL HILL, N. C. 

1922 




TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 

Letter op Transmissal 

Miss Nellie Eoberson, Chief of the Bureau of Public 
Discussion, University of North Carolina. 
Letter or Interpretation 

Hon. E. C. Brooks, State Superintendent of Public In- 
struction. 
Letter of Greetings 

Mrs. R. W. Sinclair, State President North Carolina 
Parent-Teacher Association. 

Preface 

Part I. The Parent-Teacher Association at Work 

Its Purposes and Ideals 9 

How to Organize a Parent-Teacher Association 10 

Developing and Maintaining Interest in Parent-Teachei- 

Associations 14 

Funds for Active Work by the Association 17 

Part II. Suggested Programs 

Group I. The School Building and Grounds 21 

Group II. Child Welfare 27 

Group III. Part I. Educational Aims 33 

Part II. School Laws 33 

Group IV. Part 1. The Teacher 39 

Part II. Some School Problems 39 

Group V. Agencies Aiding the Community and the 

School , 46 

Group VI. Some Miscellaneous Subjects 52 

Special Features for Proga'ams 58 

Part III. Constitutions and Directories 

The National Organization 61 

The State Organization 67 

The Local Organization 72 

Outline Forms for Yearly Programs. 

Bureau and Service of the Extension Division. 

1 LiB^AKY OF CONGRESS r 

I ■'-.••"r.'VED I 

I u^^n\n? I 



Aids that the University Offers the Parent-Teacher Association 

BUREAUS AND SERVICE 
o/f^e UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION 

CHAPEL HILL, N. C. 



The University of North Carolina through its University Extension 
Division offers to the people of the state : 

I. CoKEESPONDENCE AND CLASS INSTRUCTION: Standard University 
courses by mail, either for credit or non-credit. All courses are 
credited toward university degrees and state teachers' certificates. 
Evening extension classes in several cities. Write for correspondence 
bulletin. 

11. Lectures: Popular or technical lectures^ individual or in series for 
clubs and community organizations. Addresses for commencement 
or other special occasions. Write for lecture bulletin. 

m. Short Courses and Institutes: Upon request short courses at the 
University for educational groups. Institutes on road engineering, 
country life, community drama. 

lY. Public Discussion: Programs for women's clubs and other groups. 
Package library loans. Home reading courses. Programs and guid- 
ance for debating clubs, parent-teacher associations, etc. General 
information. Write for bulletins. 

V. Community Drama: Guidance and field direction in the wi-iting 
and production of community plays, pageants, and festivals. Write 
for bulletins. Services of a field agent available. 

VI. Commercial and Industrial Eelations: Cooperates with business 
and manufacturing organizations of the state. Special studies and 
research on economic problems. 

Vn. Community Music: Leadership for community sings. Formation of 
community choruses. Lectures on public school and community 
music. Piano and organ recitals. Write for bulletins. 

VIII. Municipal Information and Eesearch: For use in studying and 
drafting city, town, village, and county legislation. 

IX. Economic and Social Surveys: Of counties and communities for 
use by them in efforts to improve their economic and social conditions. 

X. Community Development : Promotes community organization, rec- 
reation, student service, and child welfare. Services of a field agent 
available. 

XL High School Debating and Athletics: Annual state-wide con- 
test in high school debating and all branches of athletics. 

XII. Design and Improvement of School Grounds: Planting designs 
for school yards, home grounds, factories, parks, and playgrounds. 
Write for bulletin. Services of a field agent available. 

Xm. Educational Information and Assistance (in cooperation with 
the School of Education) : Educational tests and measurements. 
School surveys. Teachers' appointments. Advice and counsel with 
reference to school buildings, equipment, and general administrative 
problems. For educational advice and assistance write directly to 
the School of Education, or to the Extension Division. 



LETTER OF TRANSMISSAL 

To the Parent-Teacher Associations of North Carolina : 

At the request of the Bureau of Public Discussion of the Uni- 
versity Extension Division, in conference with Dean N. W. 
Walker, of the School of Education, Professor Harold D. Meyer, 
of the Department of Sociology in the University of North Caro- 
lina, has prepared this Bulletin for parent-teacher associations 
in the state. Its purpose is to encourage the organization of 
parent-teacher associations and to assist them with their meet- 
ings. Outlines have been worked out carefully and limited ref- 
erence books cited for outside reading. Package libraries and 
books have been secured for the use of those who follow these 
outlines and will be sent to those who make the necessary ar- 
rangements with the University Extension Division, The Bul- 
letin will be sent free of charge to every parent-teacher associa- 
tion in the state, as well as to high school principals and superin- 
tendents, A small charge will be made when miore copies are 
wanted. 

Leaders of parent-teacher association meetings are invited 
to call on the Extension Division for help with the programs and 
all assistance possible will be rendered. 

For further information regarding this bulletin and the pro- 
grams it contains, address 

THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC DISCUSSION, 

University Extension Division 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 

January 10, 1922, 



A MESSAGE TO THE PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

From the State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction 

A successful public school cannot be maintained without the 
cooperation of patrons, teachers and school officials. For many 
years it was thought that the governing board of a school rep- 
resented the public. Therefore, little attention was paid to se- 
curing the cooperation of the individual patrons. The public 
school, however, should seek to promote not only the well-being 
of the individual pupil but the unity, harmony and welfare of 
the entire community. No agency has come to the aid of the 
schools that has greater possibilities for good than the parent- 
teacher association. 

It can give the teachers an understanding of the peculiar 
needs of the children, the helps or hindrances of home environ- 
ment and the special needs of the children to which the school 
should address itself. It can bring about a coooperation of 
parents and teachers that can work together in a large way for 
the improvement of the community. In this way isolation, clan- 
ishness, and community strife may be overcome, for people learn 
one another when they work with common aims, and when they 
learn one another misunderstandings in the main disappear and 
harmony, as a rule, is the result. The best community is the one 
in which all of its citizens are active members of the local gov- 
ernment. 

The purpose of the parent-teacher association is in harmony 
with the modern spirit of cooperation that every rural com- 
munity, every village and every citizen should be organized, in 
order that this spirit of cooperation may extend its educative 
values both to the parents and the children. 

E. C. BROOKS, 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 



LETTERS OF GREETINGS 

The child is the foremost consideration of the world today; 
everything else has faded into insignificance compared with him. 
That is one of the vital reasons why our Parent-Teacher Asso- 
ciation is the most important association in the world today. 

I can imagine no organization with so strong an appeal; its 
scope is so wide, its ideals are so high, and with it all, its purpose 
is so very practical. In it we can work along the line that most 
appeals to us. We can work to better civic conditions, we can 
help to create a better understanding between parents and 
teachers, we can work for the spiritual well-being of our children 
and of those to come. 

RUTH M. SINCLAIR, 
President of North Carolina Parent-Teacher Association. 

January, 1922. 



PREFACE 

This Bulletin has been prepared with the idea that its use 
would promote generous cooperation among local community 
groups ; that it would prove of value as a book of suggestions 
and sources; that it would stimulate the use of other materials 
and of original ideas; and that it would aid in developing a 
state-wide allegiance to the state association. In this plan of 
working together and of utilizing the best resources, the North 
Carolina Parent-Teacher Bulletin, the first number of which has 
appeared since this handbook was prepared, is of special import- 
ance. It will be published monthlj^ by the North Carolina Col- 
lege for Women in cooperation with the State Parent-Teacher 
Association, and its first issue gives generous promise of the 
future numbers. It is, therefore, expected that this hand-book 
will be used in close correlation with the North Carolina Bulletin. 

H. D. M. 



PART I 
THE PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION AT WORK 

IDEALS AND PURPOSE 

There is this happy circumstance about parent-teacher as- 
sociations : they deal with fundamental human relationships. In 
the long road of the gradual development of human welfare, the 
child, the school and the home have constituted a large factor. 
In the long and trying history of the development of the school, 
(the home has always played its major role ; and in the slow but 
sure evolution of the teacher the parent has provided many an 
intermediary stage. And always the community itself has been 
a determining factor in the extent to which success has come to 
the school and the home and the child in their midst. Thus have 
these relationships been inseparably involved in the increasing 
approximation of the larger public welfare. 

Likewise in the development of the individual himself there 
has always been a close relationship between the two social insti- 
tutions, the home and the school. The child leaving the direct 
environment of the home enters, for the next step in proper 
growth, into the school. There the teacher is introduced to the 
child and becomes an agent in its development. So it can be 
easily understood why there should exist complete cooperation 
between parent and teacher. To further this end parent- teacher 
associations are established. Here, in an association whose 
ideals tend to promote the welfare of the child, parent and 
teacher meet for sympathetic understandings, for frank discus- 
sions of child problems, for the development of a greater love for 
childhood and for n^aking constructive criticisms and practical 
suggestions. All is done in full cooperation for the best interest 
of the child. Here personal rivalry is abandoned. The child 
is the central thought; selfishness and jealousies give way to the 
advancement of the child. Here no politics exist. Here is an 
association full of the true spirit of democracy. It welcomes all 
parents, it invites constructive criticism, it calls for sincere in- 
terest and helpful efforts on the part of all who are interested 
in the real development of childhood. 



10 The Pabent-Teacher Association 

If parents thoroughly understand the school, its teachers, its 
methods, its program of work, and its aims, ideals, and prob- 
lems — if they would become acquainted with the teacher, visit 
the school, take active and sincere interest in its development, 
certainly many of the petty troubles of school relationships would 
vanish. And the clear understanding that will be obtained will 
bring about a greater and more vital growth in the work of the 
school and in its relationship to the child and the community. 

If teachers, school supervisors and other school officials un- 
derstand better the parent, the home, its environment, home 
methods of discipline, health conditions, community environ- 
ment — if they would visit the parent, visit the homes, mingle 
more with the people of the community, study comm;unity prob- 
lems, customs, relationships, certainly many of the troubles of 
parent relationships would not arise. On the other hand proper 
relationships would be established and community progress 
would result. The parent-teacher association endeavors to es- 
tablish this type of relationship. In this way it hopes to foster 
the better community, the community of prosperous homes and 
happy, healthy childhood. 

ORGANIZING A PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

There are about one hundred parent-teacher associations in 
North Carolina. Should there not be an association for every 
school and as many members as there are parents, teachers and 
school patrons? ''A Parent-Teacher Association in every school 
and every parent and teacher a member" is a good slogan for 
the year. The state association will scarcely be satisfied until 
this goal is approximated. 

What then are the next steps ? Should each community wait 
until a group of parents realize that there are certain outside 
needs in the school for the proper development of their own 
children ? And that these needs cannot be met except by means 
of the combined efforts of the community of parents and teachers 
working together ? Or should all parents and teachers, assuming 
a greater need for all the children of the community, begin such 
an organization without awaiting some emergency or personal 
gain? 



A Handbook for North Carolina 11 

Preliminary Steps: The preliminary steps to the organiza- 
tion of any club are important. Here foundations are laid, un- 
derstandings are begun and aims are set. At the very beginning 
it should be clearly understood by all that unity is the greatest 
factor in organization. In an association of this type, dealing 
so closely with complexities of human nature, perfect under- 
standing and unity are highly desirable. 

Since the association is a combination of parents and teach- 
ers and since it originates, in most instances, as the suggestion 
of parents, it is best to have close cooperation and support of all 
educational authorities of the state, county and local groups. 
Especially is this true of the local corps of teachers. With the 
full support of teachers a big forward step toward success is al- 
ready made. 

The next step is the call for the preliminary meeting. Through 
a clear understanding of the initial group, a preliminary meet- 
ing is held with representatives from such leading organizations 
as m,ay be chosen to which should be added also a representative 
group of teachers. It is best to have this meeting at the school 
house. It is understood that this is not the first official meeting 
of the association but an informal group to discuss the feasi- 
bility of organizing such an association. 

Preliminary Meeting: At this meeting preparations are 
made for the first general meeting. It will be found best to work 
out every detail. Have it understood who shall start the general 
meeting and select the persons best fitted for temporary chair- 
man and temporary secretary. Have it understood that a few 
leaders will make short and enthusiastic talks at the first meet- 
ing on such subjects as: History of parent-teacher associations, 
our state association, reasons for organizing, an outline pro- 
gram, what other associations are doing and have done, and the 
importance of a large membership. It is not best to have any 
long speeches. Following these talks the temporary chairman 
should open the meeting for general discussion. If the initial 
group will resolve to make the association something big in the 
life of the community and spend the time between their first 
meeting and the meeting of the general group working toward 
this goal, good results are sure to follow. 



12 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Time Between Preliminary Meeting and First General 
Meeting: One of the biggest factors during this time in the life 
of organizing is publicity. Much of the success of the associa- 
tion and the meetings will depend upon the publicity given 
it. What are some of the best means of advertising the first meet- 
ing? (These suggestions will also apply to all other meetings.) 

(a) The newspaper is a splendid medium. Any newspaper 
of the state, county or local community will be pleased to give 
^ull space for aiding the parent-teacher association. 

(b) Have the children at school write letters about the meet- 
ing and carry them to their honies ; having the interest of the 
children is a big step forward. 

(c) Attractive posters offer one of the best means of adver- 
tising the time, place of meeting, the purpose of meeting, and the 
general program. In every community there will be found local 
talent to assist in such publicity work, thus utilizing new sources 
of interest from the start. Place the posters in conspicuous and 
logical places such as post office, depot, drug stores, general 
stores, and school house. 

(d) The churches may help. While the church may not al- 
ways make a practice of announcing commiunity gatherings it 
should be interested in this closely related agency and can help 
much in this way. 

(e) A well planned series of telephone calls will be effective. 
Divide the community telephones among the members of the in- 
itial group. Call the people of the community and tell them 
about the meeting. Be sure to mention time and place and urge 
them to call someone else. 

(f ) Conversation with members of the community wherever 
met, on the street, elsewhere or on special calls will prove a good 
way of spreading the desired information. 

2. Arrange a program for the first meeting. As a suggestion, 
have the children give a short program of songs, recitations or a 
play. The presence of children on the program will assure the 
attendance of most of the parents of the children involved. 

3. All effort to make the first meeting entertaining and at- 
tractive will be found worthwhile. Where possible serve some 
light refreshments. Also have the meeting as informal as pos- 
sible. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 13 

4. "Write to the various official organizations of the associ- 
ation — ^national and state. Ask for information which will aid 
the local association. Ask for sample constitutions. These 
agencies will contribute much to the proper type of organization 
and will help in various ways from time to time. 

The First Meeting : It is advisable to let the superintendent 
of the school start the meeting and have the teachers act as host- 
ess for the first meeting. Let them be on hand before the set 
time to welcome the community to the gathering. At the ap- 
pointed time have the program begin. Begin on time ; this will 
make a good impression. A good way to make folks feel at home 
and to set the audience at ease is to start with a com{munity sing. 
Sing some of the favorite songs and insist that all sing. 

After the preliminary program let the superintendent tell 
the purpose of the meeting. After briefly stating this, call for 
the election of a temporary chairman. Someone in the initial 

group should rise and say : "I nominate Mr. or Mrs. B 

for temiporary chairman." The superintendent will say : "Are 
there any further nominations ? " If there are none then he will 
say: ''AH in favor of Mr. or Mrs. B say 'Aye.' All op- 
posed say 'No'." He will then declare the election. Call the 
elected chairman to the front and let him or her continue the 
meeting. Should there be more than one nominated then conduct 
a vote for all those nominated and the person receiving the plu- 
rality vote will be declared elected. 

The next step is the election of a temporary secretary. Pro- 
ceed with this election in the same manner as for the election of 
temporary chairman. The temporary secretary should keep full 
and complete records of all that occurs at this meeting. It is 
well to keep unusually full records at the beginning since they 
are matters of policy and of history. The temporary chairman 
should then thank the group for the election and begin with a 
formal message as to the purpose of the meeting and call for 
expressions of opinion. Here the members of the initial group 
give short talks on the subjects already mentioned. When the 
last talk is given a resolution, prepared before the meeting, re- 
solving that a permanent organization of the parent-teacher 
association for the local community be perfected, should be pre- 



14 The Paeent-Teacher Association 

sented. The temporary chairman then calls for the adoption of 
the resolution and if adopted appoints a committee on consti- 
tution with the power to act as nominating committee to report 
at the nest meeting. A time should then be set for the next 
meeting. After the business session is over either serve light 
refreshments or have a genuine get-to-gether. 

Second Meeting : At the appointed time the meeting should 
be called to order by the temporary chairman. The temporary 
secretary reads the minutes of the first meeting and they are ap- 
proved. The temporary chairman then calls for the report of 
the comjmittee on constitution. The chairman of the committee 
reads the proposed constitution and makes comments. (Note. A 
good sample constitution for local organizations is printed on 
page 72.) A motion is made and seconded to adopt the consti- 
tution and if passed the constitution is read section by section 
and approved or changes made. After the adoption of the con- 
stitution the officers nominated are duly elected. They take 
their places at once. It is good to elect the chairmen of the var- 
ious committees called for by the constitution and have the chair- 
men appoint the other members required on each committee. 

From the time the constitution is adopted it becomes effective 
and the organization is governed by it. 

Note: In ''Robert's Rules of Order"— Revised Edition 1915 
page 284, is found a full parliamentary method of organizing 
clubs. It will be worthwhile to follow an authority of this type 
for all business procedure of the meetings. 

DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING INTEREST IN THE 
PARENT- TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

From a questionnaire sent to all the organized parent- 
teacher associations of North Carolina it was learned that a 
number of associations found it difficult to get the people of the 
community interested, to get them to attend meetings, or to keep 
the interest at the proper height after the organization had been 
perfected. While this is a problem everywhere, yet it is to be 
solved if the work is to be successful. There are no set ways or 
rules that will perfect interest or keep it. Every community and 
every association has its local color and it will take the individual 



A Handbook for North Carolina 15 

strength of all interested, constantly working, to make the big 
majority interested and thus obtain results that will be vital to 
all. Nevertheless a few suggested ideas may be given which 
may be of some value in solving the particular and peculiar prob- 
lems of the local association. 

1. Every club should have specific and worthy purposes and 
be working for something all the time. The organization that 
lacks a motive cannot function except in a social way. Make the 
association a vital force in the community by being real builders 
and worthy doers. 

2. Affiliate with the state association and thereby be a part 
of the national association. In this way much aid, many sug- 
gestions and often personal supervision and direction will be 
obtainable. The larger units are working for the proper develop- 
ment of the local units. 

3. Interest large numbers in the work of the association. 
Scatter responsibility. It may be that many in the community 
feel that only a few are running things and trying to dominate 
the club. This should not be. The very purpose of the club 
calls for unselfish service. Have numbers working. When there 
is anything to do divide the work into as many parts as possible 
and place the interest accordingly. Anyone working for the As- 
sociation will most likely be interested. 

4. Obtain the interest of the men. Men are parents too. The 
association is not restricted to woman members. Wherever pos- 
sible elect a man for president. The writer has in mind two organ- 
izations that are functioning properly that have men as presi- 
dents. Give the men of the community somjething to do and the 
chances are they will become interested. 

5. Choose a good time for meetings. The time element plays 
an important part. If the large majority of men cannot attend 
in the afternoons have the meetings in the evenings. If the even- 
ing meetings keep away a large number of parents not able to 
leave home at that time then place the meetings in the after- 
noons. It will be a matter of wise choosing. This can best be 
obtained by experience. 

6. Advertise the meetings properly. This feature has been 
discussed under the heading of organizing. It must not be taken 



16 The Parent-Teacher Association 

for granted that everyone knows about the meetings. It may be 
that there is a set time for the meetings. If so, notices should 
be sent out before hand. 

7. Keep the association continually before the people. If it 
is functioning properly its work will speak for itself. Have the 
meetings well advertised and after every meeting have a write-up 
for the papers. 

8. Keep the children interested. Having them write letters 
about the meetings and programs. Now and then giving them 
a part on the program will help hold interest. Constantly re- 
mind them of what the association is attempting to do for them 
and what has been acomplished. 

9. Use outside forces when available and consistent with the 
advancement of the association. Get in touch with all the na- 
tional, state and county agencies that are aiding community an- 
terprises. In this way very valuable material is available. 

10. Every association accom^plishing anything needs funds. 
It is not a wise plan to ask for money at the meetings. Obtain 
funds either by membership drives or by community affairs such 
as plays, festivals and sales. A list of these methods is given in the 
next division. In fixing the yearly dues do not pauperize the as- 
sociation. Many associations have the small yearly dues of 
twenty-five cents. This is too small and besides, any member 
that is interested will gladly pay a fee of twice the amount or 
better still of four times this am^ount. 

11. From time to time have membership drives. These drives 
will always succeed in listing a few people who have never been 
interested before. Offer prizes to the grade in the school for the 
largest number of new members obtained. Have membership 
drives conducted by members in some original method. 

12. Do not have too many outside speakers. Use local talent 
most of the time. Occasionally have a feature program and open 
community gatherings. 

13. Remember not to let the social part of the meetings be 
the feature. This is a secondary matter. The development of 
the childhood of the community is first. Nothing can do more 
harm than to have the association drift into a social club by too 
much entertaining and too little work. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 17 

14. "Work for the upbuilding of the community in every way. 
A happy and prosperous community — spiritually, physically, 
morally, mentally and socially will be more responsive to the 
needs of childhood than one that is reversed. Whenever the 
community is uplifted in any way by any source it makes it 
easier for the association to acconiplish the high aim^ and lofty 
motives for the development of the community. 

FUNDS for the WORK OF THE ASSOCIATION 

Attendance on the regular meetings should not be all for 
which the member enrolls. The association should function in 
the community and in the school. From time to time, in order 
to carry on the work, funds will be needed. It is not wise to 
solicit or collect funds at regular meetings. Do not have the 
members feel that every time they attend a meeting they will be 
called on for funds. Rather, let the association plan ways and 
means of obtaining funds through community channels. The com- 
munity at large will not hesitate to give when it feels that in re- 
turn it is doing good, having a good time and enjoying fellow- 
ship. It is generally better to raise funds by community affairs 
rather than by individual subscriptions. A few suggested meth- 
ods are here given : 

1. Festivals — Holiday celebrations — such as May day. Have pro- 
gram and charge a small fee. Valentin© party, Armistice Day. 

2. Parties — Children's parties, lawn parties, silver tea, indoor parties 
and receptions. 

3. Concerts — Local talent, musical concerts, band concerts, old fiddlers' 
convention, victrola concerts and the like. 

4. Feeds — Bos suppers, chicken stews, pie dinners, cake sales, oyster 
suppers, sandwich sales, candy sales. 

5. Community Affairs — Community Christmas tree, community ath- 
letic field day, community picnic, community fair, community circus. 

6. Miscellaneous — Debates, plays, pageants, siAgs, school exhibits, 
spelUng bees, popular girl contests, story hours and games, library night, 
illustrated lecture, moving pictures, rummage sales and carnivals. 

The community may have many other original ideas and 
methods. It may be that the local community utilizes the com- 
munity chest or financial federation for raising funds. In this 
case, the parent-teacher association should have all its plans 
conform to the accepted community programs. 



PART II 
SUGGESTED PROGRAMS 

THE PLAN 

The programs of work for the association are most important. 
It is true that it is better to do than to talk about doing; it is, 
\however, necessary to study conditions, to discuss problems, and 
to know situations before altering them or before making criti- 
cisms. It is also necessary to have the association assemjble from 
time to time to receive inspiration, to catch a vision of the work 
as a whole and to divide the work properly among the various 
committees and individuals. It is also good for the community 
to study and know national and state issues and to obtain a va- 
riety of opinion on these subjects. 

Whenever giving a program remember to study all problems 
in the light of the local community. Attempt every solution 
with the local group as the unit. Thus, the local community ra- 
diates into the neighboring sections and soon joins the work of 
other communities until the state association is functioning 
through local units. 

The programs given are for practical use. There are six main 
groups of programs with ten subject programs to each group. 
They are so arranged as to form yearly programs of ten meet- 
ings per year. Every subject in a group is related to the other 
subjects of the same group. It is not necessary that the entire 
group be followed. Associations may fibad it best to select pro- 
grams from the various groups. There are in all sixty programs 
arranged for the use of association meetings. 

The general plan of each program is as follows : 

1. Subject for Study. 

2. Topics for Discussion. 

3. Suggested Types of Meetings. 

4. General Suggestions. 

5. Eeferences and Headings. 

1. iSubjects for Study: There are endless numbers of sub- 
jects for study. It is a difficult task to choose those which will 
be most interesting and at the same time function in the com- 



A Handbook for North Carolina 19 

muiiity. Some subjects of vital interest to the individual com- 
mjunity may not be listed. Whenever a problem arises that needs 
immediate local consideration and solution or whenever it is pos- 
sible that the services of an out-of-town speaker are available, 
give way from the regular meeting to the special meeting. The 
subjects listed may be studied in group form as yearly programs 
or individual subjects chosen from among the sixty given. 

2. Topics for Discussion : For the convenience of those who 
are to be on the program the subject is divided into five topics. 
They are given as workable suggestions and to give an insight 
into the subject chosen. It is not necessary that they be followed 
slavishly. Where there is only one speaker on the program the 
topics may serve as an outline for the speaker. Where two or 
m,ore are to be on the program the topics may serve as subjects 
for their remarks. 

3. Suggested Types of Meetings: To add interest to the 
meetings vary the methods of presenting the programs. Dif- 
ferent subjects will call for different types of presentation. It 
will be surprising to find how many varieties of meetings can be 
given. It may be that many suggestions for one meeting may be 
used for another. Originality applied to the types of meetings 
will serve to make them interesting. 

4. General Suggestions: Under this heading a few general 
ideas and important suggestions are given. Every meeting and 
every subject presents something new. To present the subject 
so as to give the audiences the proper impressions is worthwhile. 
To "get-across" the desired message will call forth the best that 
is in the members giving the program. These suggestions are to 
aid in accomplishing these things. 

5. References : A subject is a useless thing unless it is pos- 
sible to have someone available who knows about it or to be able 
to obtain books, bulletins and other helps from which to gather 
information. The references and readings given in the programs 
are provided by the University Library. Through the Bureau of 
Public Discussion of the University Extension Division package 
libraries are made, dealing with the subjects given. They are 
sent out to the communities to aid them in developing programs. 



20 The Parent-Teachee Association 

"Write to Miss Nellie Roberson, Bureau of Public Discussion, Uni- 
iversity Extension Division, Chapel Hill, N. C. The Bureau will 
give every assistance possible. The references given are but a 
few of the many on all the subjects and if further material is 
needed ask for it. In writing for the package state subject and 
time of meeting. 



SUBJECTS FOR PROGRAMS 

Group I— THE SCHOOL BUILDING AND GROUNDS 

Subject 1. The School Building. 

Subject 2. The School Grounds. 

Subject 3. School Equipment. 

Subject 4. Beautifying the School Grounds. 

Subject 5. The Playground at School. 

Subject 6. The School Garden. 

Subject 7. The School Sanitaries- 

Subject 8. The Water Supply for the School. 

Subject 9. Consolidation of Schools. 

Subject 10. The School as a Community Center. 

Subject 1. The School Building. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. Is the building adequate for the needs of the community? 

2. What is the general condition of the building? 

3. Is the building properly lighted? 

4. Is the building properly heated? 

5. Is the building properly ventilated? 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading discussion. 

2. An open meeting with the community. 

3. Some authority on school architecture to lecture. 

4. Illustrated lecture showing buildings, proper methods of heating, 

lighting and ventilating. 

Generaij Suggestions: 

Stress the fact that the school building is owned by the community. 

It exppresses civic pride. 

Study proper and modern methods of heating, lighting, and ventilating 

the school building. 
Study modern types of school building plans and architecture. 
Cooperate with school officials. 

Eefekences : 

Williams, L. A., The Construction of Schoolhouses, University of North Caro- 
lina Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1920. Contains bibliographies. 

Edmondson, E. H., Suggested Programs of Study and Work for Parent- 
Teacher Associations. University of Indiana Extension Division, Blooming- 
ton, Ind. 1921. Contains bibliographies. 

Dresslar, F. B., Rural School Houses and Grounds, Bulletin Whole No. 585, 
U. S. Bureau of Education, Washington. 1914. 

Mills, W. T., American School Building Standards, Franklin Educational Pub- 
lishing Co., Columbus, Ohio. 1915. 



22 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Subject 2. The School Grounds. 

Topics toe Discussion: 

1. The location, shape, size, and development of grounds. 

2. The general divisions of grounds — ornamental, play area, and school 

gardens. 

3. The ornamental grounds. 

4. The play area. 

5. The school gardens. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading discussion. 

2. Open air meetings, members surveying grounds, suggest practical 

methods of better development. 

3. Illustrated lectures on school grounds. 

General Suggestions: 

Develop community pride in beautification of grounds. 

Carry the beautification movement into every garden. 

Set aside special days for committees to work on grounds, planting 
flowers, developing play area and the like. 
Eefeeences : 

Same as for No. 1. 

Subject 3. School Equipment. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. Has the school proper equipment needed for work! 

2. Are the desks, blackboards, and tables of the proper type? 

3. What can be done for curtains, pictures, flowers and many attractive 

features of this kind? 

4. How do the pupils care for their books? 

5. What are the needs and how can they be met? 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Let the teachers lead this discussion. 

2. Have a survey of the equipment by dividing the club into small 

groups and teacher leads in the survey. Eeport from this survey. 
General Suggestions: 

Every business man likes to have a well equipped office. 

Every workman likes to have good tools vdth which to do work. 

Every housekeeper wants modern conveniences. 

Work at school is greatly handicapped by poor equipment. 

Study modern methods of equipment. 

Study the text -book problems. 

References : 

Same as for No. 1. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 23 

Subject 4. Beautifying the School Grounds. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The general appearance of the grounds. 

2. Walks and paths of school grounds. 

3. Flowers and shrubbery of the grounds. 

4. The fence and border of the grounds. 

5. What can be done for development. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading. 

2. Practical out-door meeting, survey of grounds, suggesting develop- 

ment. 

3. Have a flower meeting. Members bring seeds, cuttings and plants 

for planting. 

General Suggestions: 

Study the grounds before planning. 
Plan with some future development in view. 
Give special attention to walks and borders. 
Carry the movement into home gardens. 

Eeferences : 

Coker, W. C, and Hoffmann, Eleanor, Design and Improvement of School 
Grounds. University of North Carolina Extension Division, Chapel HiU. 
1921. 

Subject 5. The Playground at School. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The play area of the school grounds. 

2. Laying out the playground. 

3. Equiping the playground. 

4. Some pieces of home-made equipment. 

5. The value of the playground. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading. 

2. Having a supervisor of playgrounds lecture. 

3. Have a demonstration meeting by school children in the way of 

a field day of games. 

4. Practical meeting in aiding the pupils in making home-made equip- 

ment. 

General Suggestions: 

Carefully plan the play area. 

Carefully place play equipment. 

Use space to greatest advantage for largest number. 

Make a study of the philosophy of play. 

Correlate with this meeting, games, health and ethics. 



24 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Eefekences : 

Edmondson, Edna H., Suggested Programs of Study and Work for Parent- 
Teacher Associations. University of Indiana Extension Division. Blooming- 
ton. 1921. Contains bibliograplies. 

Layout and Equipment of Playsrounds. Community Service. One Madison 
Avenue, New York City. 1921. 

Curtis, H. S., The Reorganized School Playground. U. S. Bureau of Edu- 
cation, Washington, D. C. 

Meyer, Harold D., The Rural Playground, University of North Carolina 
Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 

Subject 6. The School Garden. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The general value of tlie school garden. 

2. Correlating the theory and practice of agriculture. 

3. The aid of and to the home of school gardens. 

4. Marketing the school garden products. 

5. Interesting stories of school gardening. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. The home and farm demonstration agents as lecturers. 

3. Joint meeting of parent-teacher association and farmers' organiza- 

tions of community. 

4. Practical demonstration lesson by pupils. 

5. Luncheon of school garden products to members. 

General Suggestions: 

Encourage this type of education. 

Give spacious areas for developing at home. 

Encourage the buying of products. 

Study the marketing situation of the community. 

Study the chief agriculture products of the community. 

Eeferences : 

Coker, W. C, and Hoffmann, Eleanor, Design and Improvement of School 

Grounds. University of North Carolina Extension Division. Chapel Hill. 

1921. 
Greene, Maria Louise, Among School Gardens, Charities Pub. Committee, 

New York. 1911. 
Hemenway, H. D., How to Make School Gardens,' Doubleday, Page, New 

York. 1909. 

Subject. 7. The School Sanitaries. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The type of sanitary in the school. 

2. The different types of sanitary sanitaries. 

3. Keeping the sanitary sanitary. 

4. Diseases traceable to improperly kept sanitaries. 

5. The responsibility of this problem. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 25 

2. Have health officer to lecture and demonstrate. 

3. Have some local doctor lecture. 

4. Eoundtable discussion of this problem. 

5. Demonstration of different types of sanitaries. 

General Suggestions: 

Stress the importance of this question. 

Make a thorough study of the situation, suggest and solve. 

Study diseases common to the sanitaries. 

Do not neglect the moral side of the question. 

Stress the fact that it is a community problem. 

Eeferences : 

Saville, Thorndike, Sanitation in the South, University of North Carolina 

Extension Division. Chapel Hill. 1919. 
Williams, L. A., The Construction of School Houses. University of North 

Carolina Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1920. 
Dresslar, F. B., School Hygiene. Macmillan Co., New York City. 1916. 
State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 

Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 

Subject 8. The Water Supply. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The general values of proper water supply. 

2. Sources of water contaminations. 

3. Keeping the supply clean and plentiful. 

4. From the well or faucet to the mouth of the pupil. 

5. The common drinking cup or dipper — the sanitary way. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading. 

2. Have health officer or local doctor lecture. 

3. A community meeting to study problem as a community affair. 

General Suggestions: 

Stress the value of a pure water supply. 

Make first-hand studies of water supply. 

Have the water examined. 

Banish forever the common drinking cup or dipper. 

Teach fundamental principles of sanitation. 

Eeferences : 

Saville, Thorndike, Sanitation! in the South, University of North Carolina 

Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1919. 
Kerr, J. W., and Moll, A. A., Common Drnking Cups and Roller Towels, U. S. 

Public Health Service, Treasury Department, Bulletin No. 57, Washington, 

D. 0. 

Subject. 9. Consolidation of Schools. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The general movement of consolidation. 

2. Benefits of consolidation. 



26 The Parent-Teacher Association 

3. Arguments against consolidation and answers. 

4. Examples of successful consolidations. 

5. Consolidation in the local community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have county superintendent lecture on consolidation. 

3. Visit consolidated schools and study. 

4. If school is not consolidated — study methods of procedure toward 

consolidation. 

General Suggestions: 

Consolidation will solve many of the present ailments of the small 

schools. 
Study the movement from the financial standpoint. 
Make special efforts to interest those opposed to the movement. 

Eeferences : 

Knight, E. W., The Consolidation of Rural Schools. University of North 
Carolina Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1920. Contains bibliography. 

Package Library of 7 pieces. University Extension Library Service, Chapel 
Hill. 

Cubberley, E. P., Rural Life and Education, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1914. 

Subject. 10. The School as a Community Center. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The school as a community builder. 

2. Why the school should be the community center. 

3. Agencies and organizations using the school. 
,4. The future citizens of the community. 

5. Values of having the school the community center. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular club meeting with members leading. 

2. Open community meeting with general discussion. 

3. Evening lecture on subject. 

4. Community get-together on grounds. Dinner and speeches. 

Generax, Suggestions: 

Stress the fact that the children of the community gather there every 

day of the school year. 
It is generally located for the convenience of the largest number. 
It is the most democratic organization of the community. 
It is a building owned by the community. 

References : 

Bittner, W. S., The Communitj' School House, Indiana University Extension 
Division, Bloomington. 1915. 

Edmondson, Edna H.. Suggested Programs of Study and Work for Parent- 
Teacher Associations, Indiana University Extension Division, Bloomington. 
1921. 

Jackson, H. E., A Community Center, MacmiUan Co., N. Y. 1918. 



Group //.—CHILD WELFARE 

Subject 11. The Rights of Childhood. 

Subject 12. Our Child Problem in North Carolina. 

Subject 13. Infant Welfare. 

Subject 14. School Children, 

Subject 15. Juvenile Courts. 

Subject 16. Child-Caring Institutions. 

Subject 17. The Delinquent Child. 

Subject 18. The Dependent and Neglected Child. 

Subject 19. The Defective Child. 

Subject 20. The Future Citizen. 

Note — The general plan of these programs with the subjects follows closely 
the program of the State Board of Charities and Public Welfare 
on Child Welfare. It is especially urged that the work of the 
board be known and their general plan followed. 

Subject 11. The Rights of Childhood. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Healthful childhood. 

2. Educated childhood. 

3. Happy and protected childhood. 

4. Patriotic childhood. 

5. Eeligious childhood. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. General open community meeting (inspirational). 

3. Some successful mothers to talk. 

4. Some expert on Child Welfare to lecture. 

General Suggestions: 

This series of subjects form the basis of all the fundamental studies 

of the association. 
Stress the rights of childhood. 
Study ways of giving these rights to every child. 
Apply them to the individual child. 
Test them as to the children of the community. 

Eeferences : 

Key, Ellen K., Sofia. The Century of' the Child. G-. P. Putnam's Sons, 

New York City. 1909. 
Mangold, G. B., Child Problems, Macmillan Co., New York Oity. 1910. 
McKeever, W. A.. Outlines of Child Study, Macmillan Co., New York City. 
Child "Welfare Program, Stat€ Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Raleigh, 

N. C. 1921. 



28 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Subject 12. Our Child Problems in North Carolina. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. Children of North Carolina. 

2. The child problems as shown by the selective draft act. 

3. What is being done in North Carolina. 

4. The work of other states in child welfare. 

5. The child welfare program of the State Board of Charities and 

Public "Welfare. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Commissioner of public welfare to lecture. 

3. Some school leader to talk. 

4. Lecture by child welfare officer of state. 

5. Lecture by superintendent of public welfare of county. 

Geneeal Suggestions: 

Everyone should know the problems of child welfare. 
Study what is being done and affiliate with the work. 
Know what other states are doing. 

Know the child welfare program of the state board and aid them in 
any way. 

References : 

Swift, W. H., Child Welfare in North Carolina. National Child Labor Com- 
mittee, New York City. 
Child Welfare Program, State Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Raleigh, 
N. C. 1921. 

Subject 13. Infant Welfare. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Pre-natal care of the mother. 

2. Instructions in care of child. 

3. Proper diet and care of children of pre-school age. 

4. Diseases common to infants. 

5. The general care of the infant. 

Suggested Types op Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Health nurse to lecture. 

3. Some authority on subject to lecture. 

4. Roundtable discussion by group. 

General Suggestions: 

This is a subject of vital importance. 

Study the new Sheppard-Towner maternity bill. 

Study the statistics of death from child-bearing. 

Study the number of children dying before they reach six. 

What is the condition in your community? 



A Handbook for North Carolina 29 

Eeferences : 

Read, Mary Lillian, Mothercraft Manual, Little Brown & Oo., Boston. 1916. 
Packaee Libraries, University of North Carolina Extension Division, Chapel 
HiU, K. C. 

Subject 14. School Children. 
Topics tor Discussion: 

1. The school children of our community. 

2. Wholesome and healthful school surroundings. 

3. Wholesome supervised recreation. 

4. Children's organizations. 

5. Importance of the child's environment. 

Suggested Types op Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some expert of children's work to lecture. 

3. The county or local superintendent of schools to lecture. 

4. Study group of statistics on the subject. 

General Suggestions: 

This is the heart of the club's endeavors. 

Make a thorough survey of school conditions and surroundings. 
Know the kind of club or group in which the boy or girl is interested. 
Strive to have the environment the best. 

Eeferences : 

Hartshorne, Hugh., Childhood and Character. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1919. 

Subject 15. Juvenile Courts. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The juvenile court laws of North Carolina. 

2. Methods of procedure. 

3. Juvenile court cases. 

4. The juvenile offender and his case. 

5. The juvenile offender and the case of society. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Juvenile court judge to lecture. 

3. Probation officer to lecture. 

4. Eoundtable discussion for community study. 

5. Some leader of boys work to lecture or lead the discussion. 

General Suggestions: 

Study the progress of the juvenile court. 

What is the juvenile offender condition in the community? 

Why the juvenile offender? 

Is the jail the proper place for him? 

What is the best solution of the question? 

Is the visiting-teacher a good juvenile court office? 



30 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Eeferences : 

Flexner, Bernard, and Baldwin, Roger N., Juvenile Courts and Probation. The 

Century Co., New York City. 1916. 
Mangold, George B. Mangold, Macmillan Co., New York City. 1920. 
State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 

Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 
George, W. R., Junior Republic, D. Appleton & Co., New York. 1912. 
Child Welfare Program, State Board of Charities, Raleigh, N. C. 

Subject 16. Child-Caring Institutions of the State. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. State ehild-caring institutions. 

2. Maternity homes. 

3. Private ehild-caring institutions. 

4. Child-placing and child-placing societies. 

5. Type and study of children in child-placing. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some official of some child-caring institution to speak. 

3. Some official of the state department of public welfare to speak. 

4. If possible — visits to child-caring institutions. 

General Suggestions: 

Make a careful survey of the community and see if all children are 

cared for and protected. 
Study methods of child-placing. 
Where possible break home ties as method of last resort. 

Eeferences : 

Publications of State Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Raleigh, N. C. 
Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina, School of Public Welfare, Uni- 
versity of North Carolina. 
McKeever, William A., Training the Boy, Macmillan Co., New York City. 1915. 
McKeever, William A., Training the Girl, Macmillan Co., New York City. 1914. 
Gruenberg, S. M., Your Child, Lippincott, Philadelphia. 1913. 

Subject 17. The Delinquent Child. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Delinquency and the child. 

2. Causes of delinquency. 

3. Delinquency and the community. 

4. Solving the problems of delinquency. 

5. Cases of delinquency. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Eoundtable discussion with group study. 

3. Some official of State Department of Public Welfare to lecture. 

4. Some authority of the subject to speak. 

5. The County Superintendent of Public Welfare to speak. 

6. Study groups making surveys and studying statistics of other states. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 31 

General Suggestions: 

This and the next two subjects are closely related and will be studied 

together. 
Having made a thorough study of these factors the community has 

made a good survey of the child. 
Always study with two ends in view — the welfare of the child and 
the good of the community. 
Refeeences : 

Breckinridge, S. P., The Delinquent Child and the Home. Charities Publica- 
tion Committee. New York City. 1912. 

Publications of State Board of Charities and Public "Welfare, Raleigh, N. C. 

Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina, School of Public "Welfare, Uni- 
versity of North Carolina. 

Subject 18. The Dependent and Neglected Child. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Dependent and neglected children. 

2. The home and the dependent or neglected child. 

3. The community and the dependent or neglected child. 

4. What may be done by juvenile courts and superiutendents of 

Public Welfare. 

5. Cases of dependent and neglected children. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 
iSame as for subject 17. 

General Suggestions: 

Same as for subject 17. 

Eeferences : 

Same as for No. 17. 

Subject 19. The Defective Child. 

Topics foe Discussion: 

1. The defective child. 

2. General physical defects of childhood. 

3. What may be done to eliminate these. 

4. The defective child and education. 

5. The defective child and the community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 
Same as for subject 17. 

General Suggestions: 

Same as for subject 17. 
References : 

Treadway, "W. L., and Lundberg, E. 0., Mental Defect in a Kniral County. 
Bulletin No. 48. 1919. Government Printing Office, "Washington, D. C. 

Goddard, H. H., Human Efficiency and Levels of Intelligence, Princeton Uni- 
versity Press, Princeton, N. J. 1920. 



32 The Paeent-Teacher Association 

Subject 20. The Future Citizen. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The rights of childhood. 

2. What the community owes the future citizen. 

3. The future citizen and citizenship. 

4. The future citizen today. 

5. The future citizen and the future state. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some distinguished citizen of today to talk. 

3. Open meeting of community with the future citizens as guests. 

4. Picnic with future citizens as guests and speaking. 

5. Pageant with the future citizen in proper relation with community 

as theme. 

General Suggestions: 

Have this an inspirational meeting of the highest type. 
Endeavor to have as many children present as possible. 
Use this meeting as a membership drive meeting. 
This will be a good opening or closing meeting. 

References : 

Cabot, Ella Lyman, A Course in Citizenship and Patriotism. Hougliton Mifflin, 
Boston. 1918. 



Group 771— EDUCATIONAL AIMS AND SCHOOL LAWS 

Subject 21. Training for Citizenship. 

Subject 22. Americanization. 

Subject 23. Elimination of Illiteracy. 

Subject 24. Vocational Training. 

Subject 25. Physical Training. 

Subject 26. Teaching Thrift. 

Subject 27. Compulsory Education Law. 

Subject 28. Child Labor Law. 

Subject 29. Financing the Schools. 

Subject 30. Some Proposed School Legislation. 

Subject 21. Training for Citizenship. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The real meaning of citizenship. 

2. Ideals of citizenship. 

3. Methods of training for citizenship. 

4. Patriotism and citizenship. 

5. The community and citizenship. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. The school superintendent or teacher to talk. 

3. Patriotic program bringing out the citizenship idea. 

4. Some out-of-town speaker, having an inspirational meeting. 

General Suggestions: 

This is one of the leading topics of the present educational program. 
Study the subject from the national as well as local viewpoint. 
Apply principles of citizenship in practical ways. 

References : 

Allen, W. H., Universal Training for CitizensMp, Macmillan Co., New York 
City. 1917. 

Cabot, Ella Lyman, A Course in Citizensliip and Patriotism, Houghton 
Mifflin Co., Boston. 1918. 

Hamilton, J. G. deR., and Knight, E. W., Education for Citizenship. Govern- 
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1921. 

Jenks, J. W., Citizenship and the Schools. Henry Holt & Co., New York City. 
1906. 

Subject 22. Americanization. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The meaning of Americanization education. 

2. Training the resident persons of foreign birth or parentage. 

3. Immigration and Americanization. 

4. Aims of Americanization. 

5. Promoting national unity and solidarity. 



34 The Parent-Teacher Association- 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some civic official to talk. 

3. General open community meeting with speaker. 

4. Group study of immigration and its problems. 

General Suggestions: 

The problem of inunigration is an important one. 
The assimilation of the foreign element is necessary. 
Study the problems and know what is being done. 
Study the local immigration situation — if any. 

Form study groups to make a thorough study of this subject. It is 
interesting. 

Eefeeences : 

Dixon, Royal, Americanization. Macmillan Co., New York City. 1916. 

Package Libraries : University Extension Library Service, Chapel Hill, N. 0. 

Subject 23. Eliminating Illiteracy. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Illiteracy in the United States^ in North Carolina and in the local 

community. 

2. The illiterate. 

3. The illiterate and the community. 

4. What is being done to help eliminate illiteracy. 

5. Lowering the percentage of illiteracy in the local community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some prominent social worker to speak. 

3. Study group of the local situation and condition. 

4. County superintendent of schools to give talk. 

5. Practical work in eliminating illiteracy. 

General Suggestions: 

There is too much illiteracy in most communities. 
Make a survey of the number and see what may be done. 
Set as a standard — 100 per cent literate. 
Study the evils of ignorance and illiteracy. 

Eeferences : 

Publications from office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. 0. 
State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 
Division, Chapel Hill, 1921. 

Subject 24. Vocational Training. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Types of vocational training and general value. 

2. Manual arts in the school curriculum. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 35 

3. Home economies in the school curriculum. 

4. Part-time schools and education in trades and industries. 

5. Agriculture in the school curriculum. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have teachers of the various vocational subjects to lead. 

3. Have some state or national field agent to speak. 

4. Practical meeting with an exhibit of work by school children. 

5. Have pupils give papers on the value of the work. 

General Suggestions: 

This is one of the leading subjects of modern educational thought. 

Make it a part of the school curriculum of the local community. 

Especially stress the advantages of certain subjects for local color. 
Eeferences : 

Publications from State Board of Vocational Education, Raleigli, N. C. 

Subject 25. Physical Training and Development. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. Physical training as a part of the school program. 

2. State requirements in physical training. 

3. Advantages of good physical training. 

4. Physical training and the future citizen. 

5. General physical training in the community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some expert in physical training to lecture. 

3. Demonstration meeting with children leading. 

4. A survey of physical condition of children with a program of 

development. 

GeneRxVL Suggestions: 

This is a subject that is vital to the best development of the com- 
munity. 
Encourage its promotion and program. 
Study the effects of no physical training. 
If possible, have a trained leader in this work. 

Eeferences : 

Publications from State Bureau of Community Service, Raleigh, N. C. 
Camp, Walter Chauncey, Keeping Fit All the Way, Harper and Bros., New 
York City. 1919. 

Subject 26. Teaching Thrift. 
Topics foe Discussion: 

1. Values for character development in thrift. 

2. Making an early start with the thrift movement. 



36 The Parent-Teacher Association 

3. Thrift clubs and thrift aids. 

4. Thrift in home and conununity life. 

5. Experiences and stories of thrift. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some government agent to speak. 

3. Experience meeting with stories of thrift. 

4. Children to tell ways of thrift. 

General Suggestions: 

The United States Government is interested in this subject and will 

give aid. 
Eind ways to allow the children to earn and then teach thrift. 
Encourage thrift. 
Study character development in men and women who know thrift. 

References : 

Outline of Lessons to Teach Thrift, U. S. Government Treasury Department, 

Washington, D. C. 
Brown, Mary Wilcox, The Development of Thrift, Macmillan Co., N. T., 1900. 
Haskin, F. J., How Other People Get Ahead, U. S. Treasury Department, 

Government Printing Office, Washington, 1919. 

Subject 27. Compulsory Education Law. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The North Carolina compulsory education law. 

2. Enforcing the law. 

3. Non-attendance of school — its effect on child, school and community, 

4. The truant problem and solution. 

5. Bettering the compulsory education law. 

Suggested Types op Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Truant of&cer to talk. 

3. County superintendents of schools to explain law. 

4. Group study of community situation. 

General Suggestions: 

This is a good law and needs the support of every association to make 

it a better law. 
Aid in keeping the law. 

Develop an attractiveness at the school to hold the child. 
Make the school inviting. 
Cooperate with officials in perform.ance of duties. 

References : 

Publications of State Board of Education, Raleigh, N. C. 

State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41. University of N. C. Extension Division, 
Chapel Hill. 1921. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 37 

Subject 28. The Child Labor Law. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. North Carolina's child labor law. 

2. The national law and its enforcement. 

3. The child labor problem in the community. 

4. North Carolina child labor commmission. 

5. Child labor and the community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Government official to lecture. 

3. Illustrated lecture. 

4. State official from the Department of Public Welfare. 

General Suggestions: 

While this is a problem of welfare it is directly related to school. 
Close the doors of the factory to children and open the doors of the 

school. 
Encourage the enforcement of the law. 
Study the results of child labor. 
Study the question from the future viewpoint. 

Eefeeences : 

Publications of the National Child Lahor Committee, 105 East 22d Street, 

New York City. 
Spargo, John, The Bitter Cry of the Children, Macmillan Co., New York City. 

1915. 
Publications of State Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Raleigh, N. 0. 

Subject 29. Financing the Schools. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Financing the state schools. 

2. Local tax and local means of financing the school. 

3. Taxation for education. 

4. Bonds for school improvements. 

5. Education as an investment. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. County ordinary or commissioner to talk. 

3. County representative or senator to talk. 

4. Open meeting for raising school funds. 

5. Practical meeting in aiding bond election. 

General Suggestions: 

Everyone should be interested and know about the ways and means 

of financing education. 
Encourage the development of school in the community. 



38 The Pabent-Teacher Association 

Help in all elections for development. 

Study these questions from a future standpoint as well as present. 

Beferences : 

Publications of State Board of Education, Raleigh, N. 0. State Reconstruction 
Studies, No. 41, U. N. C. Extension. Social Laws and Agencies of North 
Carolina, School of Public Welfare, University of North Carolina. 

Subject 30. Some Proposed School Legislation. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Some proposed school laws. 

2. Will they develop or hinder development. 

3. What is the effect of the proposed law on the individual and on 

the community? 

4. What are some of the needs of education that may be legalized? 

5. Working for constructive educational legislation. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Representative or senator in state legislature to explain proposed 

laws. 

3. Planning laws for educational development. 

General Suggestions: 

Show active interest in any proposed law to develop education. 
Study the law and see if it deserves support. 
Do not accept any and every law for schools. 

Study the situation and see what may be done to improve things. 
Never encourage the tearing down of laws that have been made where 
they are constructive. 

References : 

Publications of N. E. A., Hugh Mac&ill, Washington, D. 0. (History of the 
Towner-Sterling Bill can be secured by writing to Hugh MacGill). 



Group /F.— PART I: THE TEACHER 

PART II: SOME SCHOOL PROBLEMS 

Subject 31. The Teacher and the Commuiiity. 

Subject 32. The Teaeherage. 

Subject 33. Teachers' Salaries and Preparation. 

Subject 34. Shortage of Teachers. 

Subject 35. School Organization and Reports. 

Subject 36. The Daily Program of School Work, 

Subject 37. How to Study. 

Subject 38. Discipline. 

Subject 39. Retardation and Backward Children. 

Subject 40. Music, Art and Expression in the School 

Subject 31. The Teacher and the Community. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. What the teacher means to the community. 

2. What the community means to the teacher. 

3. What the teacher owes the community. 

4. What the conmiunity owes the teacher. 

5. Teacher and parent in full cooperation for the good of the child. 

Suggested Types op JVIeetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have a general representative meeting of parents and teachers 

with a roundtable discussion. 

General Suggestions: 

Eemember this meeting is best in results when made practical in 

cooperation. 
A thorough understanding of parent and teacher is half the school 

battle. 
A clear understanding prevents so much unnecessary trouble. 
Encourage the association of parent and teacher. 

Eeferences : 

McFee, Inez N., The Teacher, The School and the Community, A. B. C, New 

York, 1918. 
Hart. .1. K., Educational Resources of Village and Kniral Communities, Mac- 

millan Co. 1914. 

Subject 32. The Teaeherage. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The non-resident teacher and her home in the community. 

2. A teacher.Tge in the community. 



40 The Parent-Teachee Association 

3. Benefits of a teacherage. 

4 How a teacherage is obtained, kept up and supplied. 

5. Examples of successful teacherages. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. If there is a teacherage in the community have the teachers to 

entertain the association there. 

3. Have a teacher from a neighboring teacherage talk about the teach- 

erage to the association. 

General Suggestions: 

The housing of non-resident teachers in the community is a prob- 
lem. 

The teacher should have entrance into the best homes. 

A happy and healthy surrounding and home Avill make for the best 
work. 

The teacherage offers the teachers a home that they may call their own. 

Eefeeences : 

The University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 23, Chapel Hill, N. C. 

Cottages for Country School Teachers, World's Work, 32:266, Jl. '16. 
Need of Teachers' Homes, Mrs. P. V. Pennybacker, Ladies Home Journal 
32: 25, Feb. '15. 

School Manse. School and Society. 7:772-3, Je. 29, '18. 
Teacherages, J. S. Pardee, Country Life, 29:24, Mr. '16. 

Subject 33. Teachers' Salaries and Preparation. 

Topics toe Discussion: 

1. The salary schedule of local teachers. 

2. Salaries of neighboring teachers and the salary schedule of the 

state. 

3. The preparation for service. 

4. Normal training and its value. 

5. Is the laborer worthy of his or her hire? 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. A defense and plea for better salaries by civic leaders of the 

community. 

3. Application lesson by teachers — giving salaries, standards of living, 

earnings, etc. 

4. An open discussion of the question by local members of the board. 

5. Lecture by county superintendent. 

General Suggestions: 

Make a close study of teacher's salary and cost of living. 
Require the best of preparation when paying good salaries. 
Have the teachers give their side of this problem. 
Study the question of paying for the year around. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 41 

Eefebences : 

Evenden, E. S., Teachers' Salaries and Salary Schedules, Commission Series 

No. 6, N. E. A. Washington, D. C. 1919. 
Better Pay and Better Teachers. P. P. Claxton. Forum 64: 346-51 N. '20. 
Snow Shovelers and School Teachers. Lit. Digest 64: 34-5. Mar. 6, 1920. 
Teachers' Salaries. R. of R's. 61: 316-17, Mar. '20. 
Teachers' Salaries and the Wages of Unskilled Labor. School and Soc. 11: 

176-7, F. 7. '20. 
Teachers' Salaries in General. School and Soc. 11: 27 Ja. 3, '20. 

Subject 34. The Shortage of Teachers. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Eeasons for the shortage. 

2. Ways of attracting people into the profession. 

3. The teacher before and after the war. 

4. Benefits of having numbers into the profession. 

5. Methods of licensing teachers in the state. 

Suggested Types op Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting -with members leading. 

2. Expert from state department or national bureau to lecture. 

3. Statistical meeting with charts and diagrams. 

General Suggestions: 

This problem is vital to every community. 
Study the national and local situation. 
Make a study of the percentage of men in the profession. 
Study ways of attracting teachers to the community and of keeping 
them there when they are giving good service. 

Eeferences : 

Shortage of High School Teachers. School and Soc. 12:50, Jl. 10 '20. 
Shortage of Teachers in the United States. School Review 28: 89-90, F. '20. 
Teacher Crisis. P. W. Wright. Educa. 40: 548-50, My. '20. 

Subject 35. School Organization and Reports. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The organization of the community school. 

2. Officers in authority and their duties. 

3. Explanation of the report system. 

4. The health report cards. 

5. Cooperation of parent and teacher in the matter of handling re- 

ports. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. County superintendent to explain organization plan of county. 

3. Local superintendent to explain the report card plan. Practical 

meeting with demonstration cards showing system of grading, 
marking and signing. 



42 The Parent-Teacher Association 

General Suggestions: 

It is well to know the plan of school organization. 

Also to those in authority and their principle duties. 

Monthly or weekly report cards are necessary to proper school func- 
tioning and complete support of parents in the matter of sign- 
ing the cards and returning them promptly, is important. 

Eefebences : 

Alexander, Carter, School Statistics and Publicity, Silver Burdett, New York 

City. 1919. 
Cubberley, E. P., Public School Administration, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1916. 

Subject 36. The Daily Program of School Work. 

Topics fob Discussion: 

1. The daily program of work and examples from different grades. 

2. The time element and the daily program. 

3. Number of periods per day and subjects taught. 

4. Adapting the program to needs of the students. 

5. Suggested remedies for crowded programs. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Superintendent and teachers conduct meeting and give facts and 

experiences. 

3. Eoundtable discussion for practical solution if the program is 

crowded. 

General Suggestions: 

If the school is not a consolidated school the program is a big prob- 
lem and deserves sympathy of every parent. If the school is con- 
solidated or graded then the proper selection of subjects oifers 
consideration. 

Study this problem from the standpoint of the child's best interest. 

References : 

Bagley, W. C, Class Management, Maemillan Co., New York. 1914. 
Sears, J. B., Classroom Organization and Control, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 
1918. 

Subject 37. How to Study. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Teaching how to study. 

2. The daily lessons — the teacher's part and the part of the child and 

parent. 

3. Home work. 

4. The time element in teaching and studying. 

5. Full cooperation of parent and teacher for best interest of child. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 43 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Kegular meeting with members leading, 

2. Specialist or supervisor to lecture and give demonstrations on how 

to study. 

3. Practice lessons by teacher and child before the n^eeting. 

4. Eoundtable discussion of experiences in the different homes of 

the community. 

General Suggestions: 

Too much emphasis is placed on the recitation and not its preparation. 

To know how to study is the great lesson in education. 

Have a clear understanding with regard to home work. 

Put in lessons of caring for books and school materials. 

Stress neatness and promptness in preparation. 
Eeferences : 

Sandwich, R. L., How to Study, D. C. Heath, New York. 1915. 
Earhart, L. B., Teaching Children to Study, Houghton Mifflin. 1909. 

Subject 38. Discipline. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The general problem of child discipline. 

2. Discipline in the home. 

3. School discipline. 

4. Individual and group discipline. 

5. Lessons of discipline. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Superintendent of school to lecture. 

3. Experience meeting in discipline lessons. 

General Suggestions: 

While this is an individual problem there are fundamental elements 

about the problem that are general in nature. 
Have a thorough understanding with teachers about the question 

of corporal punishment. 
Attempt a correlation of discipline in home and school. 
Discuss the question of discipline from the school house gate to the 
home and home to school house gate. Have a clear under- 
standing where authority lies. 

Eeferences : 

Same as No. 36. 



44 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Subject 39. Retardation and Backward Children. 

Topics foe Discussion: 

1. Eetardation as a school problem. 

2. Eetardation in the local school and community. 

3. Eeasons for retardation. 

4. Solving the retardation problem. 

5. A general study of retardation. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Expert to lecture. 

3. School superintendent to give the local problem and explain. 

General Suggestions: 

This is more or less an individual problem and yet it directly affecta 

the whole community. 
Make a sane study of this problem for the sake of the child. 
Try to find the reasons of retardation and see what can be done to 

eliminate them. 

Eeferences : 

Ayres, L. P., Laggards in Our Schools, Charities Publications Committee, New 

York City. 1909. 
Ayres, L. P., The Misfit Child (Bulletin), Russell Sage Foundation, New York 
City. 

Subject 40. Music, Art and Expression in the School. 

Topics foe Discussion: 

1. Music and its part in the school curriculum. 

2. Art and its part in the school curriculum. 

3. Expression and its part in the school curriculum. 

4. Correlating these subjects with general school subjects. 

i5. How to have the subjects properly placed in the school program. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Teachers of the subjects talk about the subjects and give benefits. 

3. Program of the subjects given — selections by the school children. 

Geneeal Suggestions: 

These subjects should be elective to every child. 

They carry a great deal of the best that education offers. 

Encourage children to take the extra work. 

Show an appreciation for the subjects and use them. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 45 



Eeferences : 
Mttsic : 

Weaver, Paul John, Music in the Public Schools, University of North Carolina 

Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 
Fitting: Music Study to the School Grades. N. de Vore. Musician 24: 

10 O. '19. 
In What Direction is Public Music Education Tending. O. McConathy. Nat. 

Educ. Assn. 1918: 320-2. 
New Music in the Schools. E. R. Worrell. Ladies Home Journal. 36:158 
May '19. 
Art: 

Fourteen Points on the Value of Art Study. M. Miles. Ind. Art Mae:. 8:321 

Ag. '19. 
Place of Art in Vocational Education. A. F. Payne. Ind. Arts Mag. 8 : 

181-2, My. '19. 
Starting Children in the Right Direction. M. E. Price. Touchstone 5: 429-30, 
Ag. '19. 
Expression : 

Education Through Reading and Declamation. G. E. Johnson. Q. J. Speech 
Education. 6; 48-58, F. 1920. 



Group F.— AGENCIES AIDING COMMUNITY AND SCHOOL 

Subject 41. The County Superintendent of Public "Welfare 
and the Health Officer. 

Subject 42. The Home and Farm Demonstration Agents. 

Subject 43. The School Library. 

Subject 44, Helpful Aids from National Sources. 

Subject 45. Helpful Aids from State Sources. 

Subject 46. Community Clubs for Old and Young. 

Subject 47. Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls and Related Clubs. 

Subject 48. Good Roads. 

Subject 49. The Newspaper. 

Subject 50. The Red Cross. 

Subject 41. The County Superintendent of Public Welfare and 
The Health Officer. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The welfare officer and the work. 

2. Values of the welfare officer. 

3. Welfare officer and the social agencies of the community. 

4. The health officer and the work. 

5. Values of the health officer. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have health officer and welfare officer to present talks on the work. 

3. Eoundtable discussion for the community. 

4. Practical meeting in form of experience meeting by workers of this 

type. 

General Suggestions: 

It is good to know the work of these agencies. 

It is good to have them working in harmony. 

Encourage and support both agencies. 

Ejiow what they are doing and then aid them in the work. 

Apply the work of both agencies to the school. 

Eeferences : 

State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 

Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 
Bulletin of North Carolina State Board of Charities and Public Welfare, 

July-Sept. 1921, Vol. 4, No. 3, Raleigh 



A Handbook for North Carolina 47 

Subject 42. The Home and Farm Demonstration Agents. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The home demonstration agent and her work. 

2. Aiding the home demonstration agent. 

3. The farm demonstration agent and his work. 

4. Aiding the farm demonstration agent. 

5. Benefits to the community from both sources. 

Suggested Types of Meetings : 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Home demonstration and farm agents leading and presenting the 

work. 

3. Practical meeting of exhibit of work. 

General Suggestions: 

It is good to know these agencies. 

Have the work closely correlated with school. 

Use the agencies in the home and on the farm. 

Link with the larger organization that the agents represent. 

Know their work as best that is possible. 

Eeferences : 

Publications of the Home and Farm Demonstration. Raleigh, N. C. 
Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina, American Red Cross, University 
of North Carolina, 1921. 

Subject 43. The School Library. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The school library and its work. 

2. Methods of aiding and developing the school library. 

3. The traveling library and its methods. 

4. Aids from larger libraries in the state. 

5. Values of library to children and community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some library official of the state to lecture. 

3. School superintendent to present needs of school by a library dis- 

cussion. 

4. Book meeting — have each member bring a book or the price of a 

book or books. 

General Suggestions: 

This meeting may be used in connection with the story hour and 

summer reading subjects. 
Encourage reading the best. 
Give only the best to the library. 



48 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Eemember that every development of the library makes for a wider 
and broader development in the community, 

Eeferences : 

Miller, Zana K., How to Organize a Library, Library Bureau, New York City. 

1921. 
The School Library and How to Use It. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

Raleigh, 1911. 
Wilson, L. R. and Baker, 0. M. Reference Books for High Schools. High 

School Journal, Jan. 1920. Chapel Hill, N. C. 
N. C. Library Bulletin, N. C. Library Commission, Raleigh. March and June, 

1914 
Webster, Carolina, Buying List of Books for Small Libraries, University of 

State of New York Bulletin, No. 695, October 1, 1919. Albany. 

Subject 44. Helpful Aids From National Sources. 
Topics foe Discussion: 

1. The national departments and bureaus aiding the community. 

2. Other national organizations aiding the community. 

3. How to obtain aid from these sources. 

4. Values of this aid. 

5. Linking community with national aids. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meetings with members leading. 

2. Some national representative to lecture. 

3. Letter-writing meeting- — have members write to national sources 

for information. 

4. Study-list meeting — have members study the aids and their loca- 

tions and appoint sponsors for each organization. 

General Suggestions: 

There is an abundant amount of information obtained from these 

sources. 
Wherever possible link with national aids. 
Be sure to get on the mailing list of each. 
In working up material or information use these sources. 

Eeferences : 

Franc, Alissa, Use Your Government, E. P. Button & Co., New York City. 

Subject 45. Helpful Aids From State Sources. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The state departments and bureaus. 

2. Affiliating with state associations. 

3. Specific aids that these sources are rendering the community. 

4. How to obtain this aid. 

5. Values of these sources. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

Same suggestions as to national sources. 



A Handbook foe North Carolina 49 

General Suggestions: 

In general these agencies have field representatives who will come to 

the community. 
Be sure to get on the mailing list of all. 
Where there is a higher organization of state af&Hate with it. 
Study these sources and use them. 

Eefekences : 

Publications of North Carolina State Departments. 

Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina, School of Public Welfare, Uni- 
versity of North Carolina, 1921. 

Subject 46. Community Clubs for Old and Young. 

Topics eor Discdssion: 

1. Men's organizations aiding the community. 

2. Womens' organizations aiding the community. 

3. Community clubs for both. 

4. Clubs for the young people of the community. 

5. The values of these organizations. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Eepresentatives from the different organizations present the work 

of each. 

3. Correlating meeting — shovdng what each is doing and where there 

is overlapping of effort, etc. 

General Suggestions: 

In order for a club to live it must be worthwhile. 
Study what each club is giving to the community. 
Study the clubs of the young people. 
Guide the young people in their efforts. 

Where there is overlapping try to join efforts for the best interest 
of all. 

Eeferences : 

Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina, School of Public Welfare, Uni- 
versity of North Carolina. 1921. 

Subject 47. Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls and Related Clubs. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. General values of organizations of this type. 

2. The Boy Scouts and their work. 

3. The Camp Fire Girls and their work. 

4. Other organizations for boys and girls. 

5. The part of the parent-teacher association in these organizations. 

Suggested Types op Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 



50 The Paeent-Teacher Association 

2. Outing with the Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls or similar clubs. 

3. Members of the younger folks clubs to present their clubs to the 

association. 

4. Some leader interested in this work to lecture. 

5. Exhibition by the clubs for the Parent-Teacher Association. 

General Suggestions: 

The national organizations of this type are worthwhile. 
Study local clubs of young people. 

Encourage them in their efforts if directed along the right lines. 
Study how other communities handle clubs for young people. 

Eeferences : 

The Book of the Camp Fire Girls, National Headquarters, New York City, 1921. 
Campward Ho ! A Manual for Girl Scout Camps. National Headquarters of 

Girl Scouts, New York City. 1920. 
Barclay, Lome W., Educational Work of the Boy Scouts. Bulletin, No. 24, 

1919, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 
Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina. 

Subject 48. Good Roads. 
Topics foe Discussion: 

1. Good roads and the community. 

2. Good roads and the school. 

3. The good road movement. 

4. How to obtain good roads. 

5. Financing the movement. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some road official to lecture. 

3. Some engineer and road constructor to lecture. 

4. An inspection tour in the form of a picnic. 

5. Visiting a neighboring association. 

General Suggestions: 

Study the development of the road system. 
Understand all the problems of road movements. 

Study the values of good roads to the development of school and com- 
munity. 
Take an active interest in the construction of good roads in the com- 
munity. 

References : 

State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 

Division, Chapel Hill, 1921. 
Secretary N. C. Good Roads Association, Chapel Hill, N. C. 



Subject 49. The Newspaper. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The newspaper and the community. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 51 

2. The newspaper and the school. 

3. Values of a good newspaper. 

4. Advertising in the newspaper. 

5. Supporting the local newspaper. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some newspaper man to lecture. 

3. A reading circle of current events through the newspaper. 

4. Newspaper chats. 

General Suggestions: 

The newspaper is one of the best sources of community development. 
Support the local paper by furnishing local news and local subscribers. 
Establish a school page or column. 

Eeferences : 

Character in Newspapers. Bulletin No. 62 of University of Iowa State 

Extension Division, Iowa City. 1920. 
Truth and the Newspapers. Review 1: 673-5, Dec. 20, '14. 
What You See in the Papers. New Republic 21: 40-2, Dec. 10, '19. 
Test of the News: Some Criticisms. New Republic 24: 31-3, S. 8, '20. 
Press and Public Opinion. F. I. Cobb. New Rep. 21: 144-7, D. 31, '19. 

Subject 50. The Red Cross in the Community. 

Topics foe Discussion: 

1. The American Eed Cross and its work. 

2. The war work of the Eed Cross. 

3. The peace program of the Eed Cross in communities. 

4. The Eed Cross nurse in the community. 

5. The local chapter and its work. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading, 

2. Eed Cross nurse to lecture. 

3. Some Eed Cross field agent to lecture. 

4. A Eed Cross chapter meeting with the Parent-Teacher Association. 

5. Aiding the Eed Cross roll call. 

General Suggestions: 

The war work of the Eed Cross is worthy of study. 
The peace program is splendid and demands support. 
Study and encourage the work of the Eed Cross nurse. 
Link closely with the local Eed Cross chapter. 
Take an active part in the Eed Cross roll call. 

Eeferences : 

The Work of the American Red Cross, American Red Cross, Washington, D. 0. 

Latest publications. 
Worrell, Ruth Mougey nad Jordan, Helen Mougey, The Red Cross of Peace. 

A Pageant. American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. 
Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina. 



Group FI— MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS 

Subject 51. Community Builders. 

Subject 52. The Parent-Teacher Association. 

Subject 53. Clean-Up Program for the Community. 

Subject 54. Hot Lunches for School Children. 

Subject 55. Parliamentary Law. 

Subject 56. The Moving Picture Show. 

Subject 57. Games for the School. 

Subject 58. The Story Hour and Summer Reading. 

Subject 59. Our Government. 

Subject 60. Local Needs. 

Subject 51. Community Builders. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. The home as a community builder. 

2. The school as a community builder. 

3. The church as a community builder. 

4. Organizations as community builders. 

5. Outside agencies aiding the community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Leading representatives of various builders to give talks. 

3. Open community meeting with an inspirational lecture on the subject. 

Genebajj Suggestions : 

This is a broad subject but can be used forcefully as an inspirational 

meeting. 
Stress the part each builder should contribute to the development of the 
whole. 

Eeferences : 

Social Laws and Agencies of North Carolina 

Blackmar, F W. and Gillin, J. L., Outlines of Sociology, Macmillan Co., 

New York. 1915. 
Ross, E. A., Principles of Sociology, Century Co., New York. 1920. 

Subject 52. The Parent-Teacher Association. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The national organization. 

2. The state association. 

3. Relation of the local association to the state and national or- 

ganizations. 

4. What other associations are doing. 

5. Real values of a parent-teacher association. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 53 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have the meeting as a booster membership drive meeting. 

3. Use as opening program after organization. 

4. Have some official from national or state associations to lecture. 

GENERAii Suggestions : 

It is always good to know about the organization. 
Be sure to affiliate with the larger units. 
Be proud of membership in the organization and be a booster. 
Have an experience meeting — write letters to various neighboring 
associations and ask them to write what they have been doing. 

Eefeeences : 

Publications of National Parent-Teacher Association, Washington, D. 0. 
Package Library of the University Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 

Subject 53. Clean-Up Program for the Community. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. What a clean community means to the inhabitants. 

2. The harms of an unclean community. 

3. The clean-up program and its workings. 
«^ A clean-up program for the whole year. 

5. Community pride and the campaign. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular club meeting with members leading. 

2. Open community meeting with the health officer to lecture. 

3. Hlustrated lecture showing before and after clean-up campaigns. 

4. Practical meeting with members leading in the work. 

General Suggestions: 

Have the children become interested in the campaign. 
Have a elub canvass of the community and let each member be re- 
sponsible for a few houses. 
Have the movement radiate into the neighboring sections. 

Eefeeences : 

Package Library of the University Extension Division, Chapel Hill. 

Subject 54. Hot Lunches for the School Children. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The school session, periods for recess, and the lunch hour. 

2. The value of hot lunches. 

3. How to have hot lunches in the school. 

4. The penny lunch idea. 

5. A practical hot lunch plan for the school 



54 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Health nurse and teacher to give lectures. 

3. Demonstration meeting with children. 

4. Visiting the school at the hot lunch period. 

General Suggestions: 

Study the problem of malnutrition. 
Study the financial side of the hot lunch idea. 
Where a workable plan is presented — try it out. 

At the meeting have a roundtable discussion of the situation in the 
local school. 

Eefebences : 

Fisher, Katherine A., The Lunch Hour at School, Health Education Bulletin 

No. 7, Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C, 1920. 
Daniels, Amy L, The School Lunch, University of Iowa Extension Division, 

Iowa City. 1921. 
Knight, E. W., School Lunches, University of N. C. Extension Division, 

Chapel Hill. 1922. 

Subject 55. Parliamentary Law. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The value of parliamentary law in conducting the meeting. 

2. Some fundamental rules of parliamentary law. 

3. Organizing groups to study. 

4. Aids in knowing parliamentary law. 

5. Conducting the parent-teacher association meeting by parliamentary 

law practice. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some authority to lecture on parliamentary law. 

3. Practical meeting with parliamentary rules in force. 

Generax, Suggestions: 

Robert's rules of order is a good book to follow. 

It will facilitate the meetings if some plan is followed. 

Try to have as many as possible study the rules. 

Apply them at all meetings for by practice they are made easy to know. 

References : 

Robert, Rules of Order, Scott, Foresman, Chicago, 1901. 

Fox, E. A., Parliamentary Usage, Double-Day Page Co., New York. 1920. 

Subject 56. The Moving Picture Show. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The real values of good pictures. 

2. The moving picture in the school. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 55 

3. Kinds of pictures coming to the community. 

4. Censoring the movies. 

5. Eegulating attendance on part of school children. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have moving pictures at a meeting. 

3. Have local moving picture man to lecture. 

4. Visiting picture show for special program. 

General Suggestions: 

The movies cau be of wonderful service to the school and the com- 
munity. 

They can be of inestimable harm. 

Encourage patronage of the movies to good pictures only. 

Cooperate with local movie man in getting people to attend when 
good pictures are shown. 

Eefeeences : 

Eaton, W. P., At the New Theatre and Others, Small, Maynard, Boston. 1910. 
Current Magazine and Newspaper Articles. 

Subject 57. Gaines for the School. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. The philosophy of play. 

2. Values of organized play. 

3. Games for indoors. 

4. Games for outdoors. 

5. Games for different ages, sex and interests. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some play supervisor to lecture. 

3. Demonstration meeting with games by school children. 

4. Field day for the community. 

5. Some supervisor to give demonstration. 

General Suggestions: 

This can be made one of the best factors for development in the com- 
munity. 
Begin study groups for leadership in play. 
Encourage proper types of games for the children. 
Study the methods of recreating the community. 

References : 

Pioneering For Play; Community Service, Inc., One Madison Avenue, New 
York City. 

Schlafer, George E., Let the Children Play. University of Indiana Extension 
Division, Bloomington. 1920. 

Meyer, Harold D., The Rural Playground, University of North Carolina Exten- 
sion Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 



56 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Subject 58. The Story Hour and Summer Reading. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. General values of the story and reading. 

2. Types of book children of certain ages should read. 

3. Guiding the reading of children. 

4. The story hour and its real meaning. 

5. What our children read during vacation. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. A professional story teller to lecture or to give a program. 

3. A story hour led by local talent. 

4. Telling stories for or by the children. 

General Suggestions: 

Study the art of story telling and when possible practice. 
Make a general survey of the literature that is being offered to chil- 
dren in the stores. 
Make an investigation into the type of reading your child is doing. 
Encourage the reading of the best at all times. 

References : 

Bryant, Sara Cone, How to Tell Stories, Houghton MifSin, Boston. 1905. 
Cowles, Jnlia Darrow, The Art of Story Telling, A. C. McOlurg, Chicago. 1916. 
Patridge, Emelyn Newcomb, Story-Telling in School and Home, Sturgis and 
Walton, New York, 1914. 

Subject 59. Our Government. 

Topics for Discussion: 

1. General types of governments found in the world. 

2. General fundamental principles of our government. 

3. Our national government. 

4. Our state government. 

5. Our responsibility in government. 

Suggested Types of Meetings : 

1. Regular meeting with members leading. 

2. Some government official to lecture. 

3. Reading of constitution and patriotic meeting. 

4. Organizing groups for the study of civics. 

General Suggestions: 

While this is a broad subject trteated broadly it may be made in- 
spirational. 
Form study groups for the study of civics. 
Apply principles of government to home and community. 
Be the chief upholder of law and order. 



A Hand Book for North Carolina 57 

Eeferences : 

Odum, H. W., Constructive Ventures in Government, University of North 

Carolina Extension Division, Chapel Hill, 1920. 
Carroll, D. D., Studies in Citizenship, University of N. C. Extension Division, 
Chapel Hill, 1919. 

Subject 60. Local Needs. 
Topics for Discussion: 

1. Our community in general. 

2. Suggested ways of general improvement. 

3. Specific and practical ways of development. 

4. The responsibility of the individual to the community and the 

community to the individual. 

5. The future outlook of the community. 

Suggested Types of Meetings: 

1. Eegular meeting with members leading. 

2. Have some community organizer to make a study of the community 

and report. 

3. Have some expert to make a survey and report. 

4. Open community with inspirational lecture. 

5. Practical roundtable discussion of the community as a family group. 

General Suggestions: 

To look at the community as a whole is a good study. 

Sometime an outside expert in studying the needs of communities may 

be helpful. 
Where possible make the meetings and work full of good enthusiasm. 

Keep down any local antagonism that may develop. 
Eemember the community in the past and think of its future while 

working in the present. 

Eeferences : 

State Reconstruction Studies, No. 41, University of North Carolina Extension 
Division, Chapel Hill. 1921. 

These Are the Rules of the Health Game 

1. A full bath more than once a week. 

2. Brushing the teeth at least once every day. 

3. Sleeping long hours with open windows. 

4. Drinking as much milk as possible, but no coffee or tea. 

5. Eating some vegetables or fruit every day. 

6. Drinking at least four glasses of water a day. 

7. Playing part of every day out of doors. 

8. A bowel movement every day. 

— Child Health Organisation of America. 



SPECIAL FEATURES FOR PROGRAMS 

1. Variety of Program : It will be found a point of great in- 
terest to vary the programs of the meetings. Try to have every 
meeting different in some respects. When the members realize 
that the program comjmittee is working up extra features and a 
variety of interest is presented they will take greater interest in 
attending and working. 

2. Music : Everyone realizes the importance of music in any 
program. It is the flavoring to the whole and will serve as a 
means of interesting a large number of people talented in music 
and willing to aid in the programs. Always have some music 
on the program. Every community possesses music talent whether 
in piano, voice, musical instrument or the victrola. Develop 
and encourage community sings. A few songs for general sing- 
ing will be a splendid way to open meetings. Develop the musi- 
ical side of every program. 

3. Refreshments : As a general rule it is not a good idea to 
serve refreshments at every meeting. If the meetings are held at 
the school house and there is no domestic science department it 
will be found a difficult problem. If there is such a department 
it will be all right, from time to time, to have the department 
serve the association with light refreshments at the expense of 
the association. If meetings are held at the homes of the mem- 
bers it will be an added expense to many homes and the spirit of 
rivalry may enter and prove embarrassing. Let it be under- 
stood at the outset that there will be no refreshments except 
when voted on by the club for some special occasions. 

4. Community Meetings : From time to time have open com- 
munity meetings. When the program is to be a feature pro- 
gram it will add to the interest and work of the club to invite 
the entire community to participate. Especially, use the open 
(meeting where it is to develop inspiration and action in com- 
munity affairs where the aid of the entire community is needed. 
At these community meetings make it is as hospitable as pos- 
sible and have all to feel at home. 

5. Practical Meetings: There is no better way of keeping 
and developing interest than by doing and actually seeing things 
accomplished. And it is always best to have as large a number 



A Handbook for North Carolina 59 

at work as can be obtained. The more members doing things the 
more members interested. Scatter the activities of the club. 
When some practical program is given such as developing school 
grounds, beautifying the community or the clean-up campaigns, 
have a meeting of the club actually working along the given sub- 
ject. This will tend to destroy the inclination of making the 
m^eetings merely theoretical and club discussions without action. 

6. Informal Meetings : As an innovation from the regular 
order of things have an informal meeting. Do away with the 
order of business and after having the minutes read join in a 
roundtable discussion and open forum of the subject. Let the 
meetings have more of the air of a friendly visit and a friendly 
gathering of neighbors. Have a community sing, tell experi- 
ences, have some games or tell some funny stories. This type of 
meeting is obliged to have its effect. 

7. Social Hours : If there are certain members who have 
roomy homes in which to entertain a club meeting have them in- 
vite the club to meet with them from time to time. Once a year 
a formal reception or party will be all right. It will be a fine 
way to keep certain traits in the community that are needed and 
yet m'ay be fast disappearing. It is not necessary to have expen- 
sive nor elaborate affairs but a dignified gathering of the com- 
munity in a social way is worthwhile. 

8. Play Meetings: Through community picnics, outings, 
school play festivals or games much interest will be manifested. 
Have the regular meeting at these times and give a real helping 
hand in making them successful. Encourage community activ- 
ities of this type and lead them] in being affairs that aid in com- 
munity development. 

9. Debates : From time to time have subjects debated in reg- 
ular debating style. This is always interesting. Have members 
to take sides on various subjects and discuss them in a debate. 
Have a community debate where non-members take part and the 
community is invited. If the school has a debating club or lit- 
erary society have them to debate a subject that is up for dis- 
cussion at the association. 

10. Illustrated Lectures and Moving Pictures: The screen 
always calls for a big crowd and besides being a way to develop 



60 The Parent-Teacher Association 

interest in the meetings it will be a good way of obtaining funds 
for the association. Have the local movie owners to set aside 
a special parent-teacher association program. Encourage at- 
tendance on this show and have him divide the proceeds with the 
association for its development. From time to time have illus- 
trated lectures with colored lantern slides. 

11. Children's Meetings : Let the children feel that they are 
the most important personages in the community. Have them 
on programs. Encourage them in this type of endeavor. When 
a program of this type is given put on a large number of chil- 
dren for where a family is represented on the program it can be 
counted on that some member of the family will be present. 

12. Original Meetings : There are any number of other ways 
to vary the interest in the meetings. Use originality and develop 
interesting programs. The work of the program committee is 
very important and some of the club's best workers should be 
placed on it. 



PART III 

CONSTITUTIONS AND DIRECTORIES 



CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE NATIONAL- 
CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND PARENT 
TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS 

By-Laws Adopted at the National Convention, Washington, April 25-30, 1921 

AETICLE I 
Name 
The name of this organization shall be The National Congress of Moth- 
ers and Parent-Teacher Associations. 

AETICLE II 
Object 
The object shall be child welfare as set forth in the charter under which 
it is incorporated. 

AETICLE III 

Membership 
Sec. 1. Organization Membership. 

(a) This organization shall be composed of state branches, county 
councils of federations, city councils or federations, and local mothers' 
circles, parent-teacher associations, and other child welfare associations, 
counties may be grouped to form districts and states may be grouped to 
form regions. 

(b) Other organizations may affiliate or cooperate with the congress 
by paying dues hereinafter mentioned in these by-laws. 

Sec. 2. Individual Membership. 

Individuals may join the congress as active members, associate members, 
sustaining members, life members, and benefactors. 

AETICLE IV 
Officers 

Sec. 1. The officers shall be president, two vice-presidents, a recording 
secretary, a corresponding secretary, a treasurer, a historian, who shall 
be elected by ballot at the biennial convention, and shall hold office for 
two years or until their successors are elected. 

Sec. 2. There shall be fourteen regional directors elected by their reg- 
ional conference and nominated to the national board, who shall elect them 
to office. 

Sec. 3. An executive secretary engaged by the board of managers, 
who shall be paid monthly a sum decided upon by the Board as necessary 
for the proper execution of the work of the office. 



62 The Paeent-Teacher Association 

ARTICLE V 
Duties of OfScera 

Sec. 1. (a) The president shall preside at all meetings of the board 
and executive committee and at all conventions, (b) She shall have power 
to appoint such special committees as shall be necessary for the execution 
of the work of the congress, and the proper conduct of the conventions. 
She shall be ex-officio a member, but not a chairman, of all committees, 
either standing or special, (c) She shall authorize all warrants on the 
treasurer. 

Sec. 2. (a) The vice-presidents in their order shall in the absence of 
the President, assume all her duties and prerogatives. 

Sec. 3. The fourteen Eegional Directors shall constitute the Organi- 
zation and membership committee. 

Sec. 4. The recording secretary shall keep the minutes of all meetings, 
have custody of all books and all papers relating to the transactions of the 
organization except those specifically assigned to others, and send copies 
of all the minutes of ^ all board and executive committee meetings to the 
executive secretary, to be sent to its members. She shall prepare and send 
to the executive secretary, previous to each meeting, all of the business as 
shown in the minutes which is necessary to be taken up. She shall keep one 
sewed record book in which the charter, by-laws, and standing rules shall 
be written, leaving every other page blank, where amendments shall be en- 
tered as soon as adopted. 

Sec. 5. (a) The corresponding secretary shall attend to the corres- 
pondence for the board of managers and executive committee, notify all 
committees of their appointment, and send to the respective chairman a list 
of the members of their committee. Prepare and send to the executive 
secretary notices of all conventions, meetings of the board of managers 
and the executive committee. 

(b) She shall be a member of the year-book committee, but not the 
chairman. 

Sec. 6. The executive secretary working under the executive committee 
shall have charge of the national office, its equipment, papers and force, 
and all of its activities in the execution of the plans of the congress. 

Sec. 7. A treasurer shall collect quarterly all dues from state treasur- 
ers, and notify state treasurers in advance of the termination of the fiscal 
year. She shall be the custodian of all funds, and shall pay them out, only 
upon warrants authorized by the president. She shall keep an itemized 
account of all receipts and expenditures, present a statement at board 
meetings, and a complete written statement at conventions. Her books 
shall be audited annually by a certified accountant. She shall be a member 
of the credential committee. 

Sec. 8. The historian shall collect and preserve all archives of the organ- 
ization and prepare an annual report. 



A Handbook fob North Carolina 63 

Sec. 9. Each officer shall assume the duties belonging to her office at 
the close of the convention at which she was elected, and shall, when her 
successor is elected or in case of resignation, turn over all records, books, 
funds, etc., within thirty days. 

AETICLE VI 
Board of Managers and Executive Committee 

Sec. 1. There shall be a board of managers which shall be composed of 
the elective officers, honorary officers created before April 30, 1921, state 
presidents or their representatives who shall have credentials and have been 
appointed by their state board, and the chairman of departments and stand- 
ing committees. 

There shall be a regular meeting of this board immediately before and 
immediately after the convention, and in October of convention years and 
spring and fall of each alternate year. It shall make rules for the trans- 
action of the business of the board and may amend same as necessity may 
arise. It shall have power to fill all vacancies in offices oecuring between 
elections. 

Sec. 2, There shall be an executive committee which shall be composed 
of the elective officers, and three members to be elected biennially by the 
board of managers from its members. In the interim between the meet- 
ings of the board this committee shall attend to any emergency business 
and any other business which may be delegated it by the board. Five mem- 
bers shall constitute a quorum. 

Sec. 3. The president may call special meetings of the board of man- 
agers of the executive committee at any time she may deem necessary, and 
shall call meetings of the board of manasrers upon requests of any five 
members thereof. Provided that not less than ten days' notice of time and 
place of such meetings be given and that the business to be taken up shall 
be plainly stated in the call, and no other business shall be taken up. 

Sec. 4. The board of managers shall divide the United States into four- 
teen regions, to be in charge of the fourteen regional directors. Each 
region shall nominate its own director who shall be elected by the board 
of managers. 

See. 5. The board of managers shall create departments of education, 
home-making legislation, and program service, and such others as may 
be needed. The department shall be composed of standing committees de- 
cided upon by the board, chairman of department and standing commit- 
tees shall be appointed by the board and be members of it. 

Sec. 6. The board of managers shall appoint such honorary vice-presi- 
dents as may in their .iudgment advance the interest in the work of the 
congress. 

Sec. 7. The board of managers shall have power to appoint, upon re- 
quest of the regional director, and with approval of state president, organ- 
izers or field workers, as may be necessary in their .iudgment to advance 
the work of the congress. These organizers or field workers shall work 
under the direction of the regional director, with the approval of the na- 



64 The Parent-Teacher Association 

tional board of managers wherever most needed. These workers may sit by 
courtesy at the meetings of the board, but shall not count in making a 
quorum, or have voting power. 

Sec. 8. The board of managers shall decide upon cooperation with other 
national organizations. It shall be the invariable policy of the congress to 
forbid the use of the name of the organization, or the name of any of its 
members in his or her official capacity in any connection with a commercial 
organization or its products. 

Sec. '9. The executive committee shall constitute the program commit- 
tee for conventions, with power to add to this committee. 

Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska comprise one regioaa-' district. 

AETICLE VII 
State Branches 

Sec. 1. When an unorganized state has in different localities of the 
state at least 20 congress circles or associations, with a membership aggre- 
gating at least 500, these may be organized by the N. C. M. & P. T. A. into 
a state branch, and shall receive a certificate of membership. 

A small seal to be attached to this certificate bearing the year, shall be 
issued annually at the fall board meeting to each state in good standing 
on April 14. All questions of state membership shall be decided by the 
national board of managers, with a two-thirds vote, not less than 25 mem- 
bers being present and voting. 

Sec. 2. Each state branch shall be known, in addition to its chosen 
name, as a branch of the N. C. M. & P. T. A., and shall work under by- 
laws as in harmony with the national by-laws. 

Sec. 3. In organized states local circles or associations shall .ioin the 
congress only through state branches. 

Sec. 4. Whenever new rulings shall be adopted which conflict with state 
constitutions or by-laws, state branches shall be notified and shall make 
the necessary changes that they may conform to these rulings. 

No certificate or seal shall be issued until such changes shall have been 
made, due time having been granted for such changes. 

Sec. 5. State treasurers shall remit quarterly to the national treasurer 
all moneys due the N. C. M. & P. T. A. 

AETICLE VIII 
Dues 

Sec. 1. The treasurer of each state branch shall forward to the na- 
tional treasure 5 cents for each active member, 50 cents for each associate 
member and $5.00 for each sustaining member of the N. C. M. & P. T, A. 
in the state for annual dues, together with a list of associations and the 
number of members in each. 

See. 2. The payment of $50.00 shall constitute the payer a life member 
and the payment of $500.00 shall constitute the payer a benefactor. All 



A Handbook for North Carolina 65 

moneys received from life members or benefactors sliall go into the na- 
tional treasury. 

Sec. 3. In unorganized states the treasurer of each congress circle or 
association shall forward to the national treasurer 10 cents for each 
member of the organization for annual membership in the N. C. M. & P. T. 
A., together Avith a list of officers and their addresses and the number of 
members ; $1.00 for each associate member and $10.00 for each sustaining 
member. 

Sec. 4. Other organizations interested in the work of the congress may 
affiliate or cooperate with it upon paj^ment of annual dues as follows: for 
organizations of membership of 100 or less, $3.00; for membership of 300 
or less, $5.00; for membership of 1000 or more, $10.00. 

Sec. 5. The end of the fiscal year shall be April 14. 

ARTICLE IX 
Representation 

Sec. 1. Each state branch shall be entitled to send to the convention 
of the national congress its president, recording secretary, corresponding 
secretary and treasurer or their representatives, and one voting delegate for 
every 500 members in good standing as shown on the books of the national 
treasurer. 

Sec. 2. Each member of the national board not otherwise provided for 
shall be a member of the convention with all the powers of delegates 
there to. 

Sec. 3. Each congress circle or association in unorganized states may 
send to the biennial convention its president or her representative, who 
shall be entitled to all privileges of a delegate except the right to vote« 

ARTICLE X 
Privileges 
Sec. 1. Each delegate shall be entitled to one vote on all questions. Vot- 
ing by proxy shall not be admissable. 

Sec. 2. Life, sustaining and associate members shall be entitled to all 
the privileges and courtesies of the convention except the right to vote. 

ARTICLE XI 
Nominations and Elections 

Sec. 1. Nominations of officers shall be made by a nominating committee 
of five members elected by the board of managers at the board meeting 
immediately following the biennial convention, and representing so far as 
possible the different sections of the United States. 

Sec. 2. The chairman of the nominating committee shall confer with 
the different state organizations and ask them to nominate persons for the 
different offices. Each national board member shall be entitled to send 
nominations to this committee. 



66 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Sec. 3. An officer shall be eligible for the same office for only two con- 
secutive terms. 

Sec. 4. Additional nominations for any office may be made from the 
floor. 

Sec. 5. The report of the nominating committee shall be sent to all 
state presidents and board members at least 30 days before the convention, 
and election shall be held the second day of the convention. 

Sec. 6. No officer shall hold more than one office at a time. 

ARTICLE XII 
Conventions 
Sec. 1. There shall be a biennial convention, the time and place to be 
decided upon by the board of managers. 

Sec. 2. The quorum of the convention shall be 50 accredited delegates. 

AETICLE XIII 
Amendments 

Sec. 1. These by-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any con- 
vention, the proposed amendments having been endorsed by a state branch 
presented in writing at the national convention and reod at each of two 
sessions before being voted upon. 

Notice of proposed amendments shall be sent to the national corres- 
ponding secretary at least 75 days before the national convention and by 
the national corresponding secretary to each state president at least 60 
days before the national convention. 

AETICLE XIV 
Parliamentary Procedure 
See. 1. This organization shall be governed by Eoberts' Rules of Order 
Revised, when not in conflict with these by-laws. 

Sec. 2. A parliamentarian appointed by the executive committee shall 
attend the biennial meetings and such other meetings as the president shall 
deem necessary. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 67 



THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE ASSOCIATION 

THE NORTH CAROLINA BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF 

MOTHERS AND PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS 

Organized November 5, 1919, at Charlotte, N. C. 

CONSTITUTION 

ARTICLE I 
Name 

The name or this organization shall be the North Carolina Branch of 
The National Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teacher Associations. 

ARTICLE II 
Objects 

The objects shall be to raise the standards of home life; to give young 
people opportunities to learn how to care for children, so that when they 
assume the duties of parenthood, they may have some conception of the 
methods which will best develop the physical, intellectual and spiritual 
nature of the child; to bring into closer relations the home and the school, 
that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the education of 
the child; to surround the childhood of the whole world with that wise, 
loving care in the impressionable years of life that will develop good citi- 
zens; to use systematic and earnest effort to this end through the formation 
of parent-teacher associations in every public school and elsewhere, 
through the establishment of kindergartens, and through distribution of 
literature which will be of practical use to parents in the problems of the 
home life; to secure more adequate laws for the care of dependent children, 
and to carry the mother-love and mother-thought into all that concerns 
childhood. The congress believes that, with the aid of Divine Power, these 
objects will be accomplished. 

ARTICLE III 
Membership 

Section 1. The membership of this organization shall consist of active, 
associate and life members. 

Sec. 2. Organizations approved by the executive committee may aflS.liate 
with the congress. 

Sec. 3. Active members of the convention shall be delegates from the 
local and afEiliated organizations, and life members. 

Sec. 4. Persons may become associate members, and life members by 
the payment of sums hereinafter provided. 

ARTICLE IV 
OflScers 
The officers of this congress shall be a president, ten vice-presidents, a 
recording secretary, a corresponding secretary, a treasurer, an auditor, 
and an historian, who shall be elected annually. 



68 The Parent-Teacher Association 

AETICLE V 
Board of Managers 

Section 1. There shall be a board of managers which shall consist of 
the officers above provided for and ten others chosen from different sec- 
tions of the state. This board shall meet once before and once after each 
annual convention and at such other times as the exigencies of the congress 
may demand. Seven members shall constitute a quorum. 

Sec. 2. There shall be an executive committee consisting of the officers 
of the congress. In the interim between the meetings of the board of man- 
agers this committee shall approve applications for membership, shall fill 
vacancies in office until the next annual convention, and shall attend to 
such other business as may be delegated to it by the board of managers. 
Three members shall constitute a quorum. 

Sec. 3. The president of the state branch may call meetings of the 
board of managers and of the executive board at any time she may deem 
necessary, and shall call such meetings of the board of managers upon 
the written request of any five members thereof, provided that not less 
than ten days' notice of the time and place of such meetings be given. 

AETICLE VI 
Annual Conventions 

There shall be an annual convention of the North Carolina branch of 
national congress of mothers and parent-teacher associations, the place 
and date of such convention to be decided by the executive committee. 

AETICLE VII 
Amendments 
This constitution may be amended at any annual convention by a two- 
thirds vote of those present at the business meeting .at which it was pre- 
sented, due notice having been given of such proposed amendments at the 
preceding annual convention, said amendment having been proposed by 
five delegates, with the endorsement of the association they represent. 

BY-LAWS 

Departments and Committees 

Section 1. The board of managers shall create departments correspond- 
ing vrith those of the national organizations. 

The chairman of each state dei3artment becomes a member of the cor- 
responding national department. 

The board of managers shall appoint for each department a chairman, 
who shaU be elected annually. 

Sec. 2. The executive committee shall constitute the program com- 
mittee, with power to add to its members. 

Sec. 3. The president of this congress shall have power to appoint 
such special committees as shall be necessary to the execution of the 



A Handbook for North Carolina 69 

work of the congress and tJie proper conduct of the annual convention of 
the North Carolina branch of national congress of mothers and parent- 
teacher associations. 

BY-LAWS II 
Powers of Board of Managers 
Section 1. The board of managers shall have power to make rules 
for the transaction of the business of the board, and to amend the same 
from time to time as may prove necessary. 

BY-LAW III 
Dues 

Section 1. The treasurer of each mothers' circle or parent-teacher as- 
sociation in membership shall forward to the treasurer of the state branch 
national congress of mothers and parent-teacher associations ten cents 
annually for each member of her organization. The state treasurer shall 
send five cents of this ten cents to the treasurer of the national congress 
of mothers and parent-teacher associations. Organizations shall pay dues 
quarterly and pay to date from the month when they became members. 
The state treasurer shall remit quarterly to the national treasurer the 
dues received for the quarter with the list of associations, officers and ad- 
dresses of same, and number of members. On receipt of this, the national 
treasurer wiU send membership cards to each president for each member 
of the association; the president and treasurer will receive national year- 
book and other national literature. 

Sec. 2. The payment of one dollar annually to the treasurer shall 
constitute the payer an associate member of the national congress of 
mothers and parent-teacher-associations, and the state branch. 

Sec. 3, The payment of $25 shall constitute the payer a life member of 
national congress of mothers and North Carolina branch national congress 
of mothers and parent-teacher associations. 

See. 4. Mothers' circles and parent-teacher associations must join the 
congress as individual organizations, not through leagues, federations or 
union. Dues must be paid to the state treasurer. 

Sec. 5. The annual dues of affiliated or cooperative organizations 
other than Mothers' Circles, Child Welfare Circles or Parent-Teacher 
Associations shall be as follows: 

The affiliation dues for circles of 100 or less in membership shall be 
three dollars annually; for circles of over 100, the annual dues shall be 
five dollars. Affiliated bodies shall pay the dues to the state treasurer, who 
shall forward half to the national treasurer, 

BY-LAWS IV 
State and Local Representation in National Conventions 

Section 1. The state president is ex-offieio a member of the national 
board of managers. 



70 The Parent-Teacher Association 

Each state branch of the national congress of mothers and parent- 
teacher associations shall be entitled to send to the conventions of the 
national congress of mothers its president or her representative, recording, 
corresponding secretaries and treasurer and one delegate for every 500 
members. 

Local Representation in State Conventions 

Section. 1. Each mothers' circle, child welfare circle, or parent-teacher 
association in membership in the North Carolina branch national congress 
of mothers and parent-teacher associations, shall be entitled to send to the 
annual state convention, the president and one delegate for every 25 mem- 
bers. For affiliated and cooperative organizations representation given is 
by the president and one delegate. Local circles can only join the national 
congress of mothers and parent-teacher associations through payment of 
dues to the state treasurer. 

Sec. 2. Affiliated organizations shall be entitled to send one delegate 
to the annual conventions of the national congress of mothers and parent- 
teacher associations, and the annual convention of state branches, upon the 
payment of the annual dues as given in By-Law III, Section 5. 

BY-LAW V 
Privileges 
Section 1. Each delegate shall be entitled to a reserved seat and to 
one vote on all questions. 

See. 2. Associate members shall be entitled to reserved seats at the con- 
ventions, to the privileges of the floor and to vote upon all subjects, ex- 
cepting those pertaining to the administration of the congress. 

Sec. 3. Life members shall be entitled to a vote on all questions and 
to reserved seats at all conventions. 

BY-LAW VI 
Nominations and Elections 
Section 1. Nomination for officers shall be made by a nominating com- 
mittee, which shall consist of five members elected by the board of man- 
agers, and representing, as far as possible, the different sections of the 
state. 

Sec. 2. The election of officers shall take place on the last day but one 
of the conventions. Officers shall assume the duties of their respective 
positions at the close of the convention at which they are elected. 

BY-LAW VII 
Amendments 
The By-Laws may be amended at any annual convention on two days' 
notice of the proposed amendment, such amendment having first been sub- 
mitted to the board of managers. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 71 

(This Space Reserved for Changes Made in State Constitution) 



72 The Paeent-Teacher Association 

A SUGGESTED CONSTITUTION FOR LOCAL 
ORGANIZATIONS 

It is not necessary but it is suggested that the local associa- 
tion organize along the general lines of the national and state 
associations, however, use local color and where local conditions 
necessitate changes do not hesitate to make them. After a 
careful study of a number of local constitutions the one printed 
seems to be a serviceable and workable one for most any associa- 
tion. It is the present constitution of the Lexington, North Caro- 
lina, parent-teacher association. It is suggested that the number 
of and election of officers be adapted to local conditions. The 
time of meeting is a local matter of consideration, however, it is 
best to have some deJSnite time for the meetings. In determining 
the number for a quorum, base the number on a percentage of 
total miembership. 

In having committees use local color and have as many as 
the definite work of the association will command. ,A committee 
is generally composed of the chairman and three other members. 

Two blank pages are left to give members space to copy the 
local constitution after its adoption. Also space is given to write 
amendments and by-laws as they are added. The shorter and 
more concise the constitution the better will be its use. 

CONSTITUTION OF LEXINGTON PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 

ARTICLE I 

This organization shall be called the Lexington Parent-Teacher 
Association, 

ARTICLE II 
Purpose 
Its purpose is to study and improve conditions affecting child life, 
to create a better understanding between parents and teachers, and to 
promote in general the interest of education. 

ARTICLE III 
Membership 

Any one interested in the purpose of this organization is qualified for 
membership. 

AETICLE IV 
Officers 
Section 1. The officers shall consist of a president, a vice-president, a 



A Handbook for North Carolina 73 

secretary, a treasurer, elected annually in March for the ensuing school 
year. They perform the duties that usually devolve upon such of6.cers. 
Section 2. Twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum. 

AETICLE V 
Board 

Section 1. The officers and chairman of standing committees, together 
with the school superintendent, shall constitute the executive board. 

AETICLE VI 
Meetings 

Section 1, Eegular meetings shall be held on third Wednesday of each 
month from September to May, inclusive. 

Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the president when nec- 
essary. 

Section 3. Public notice of all meetings shall be given to menbers. 

Section 4. No regular meeting shall exceed one hour. 

AETICLE VII 
Committees 
The chairman of standing committees shall be named by the president. 
The following committees shall be standing committees: 

1. Program 

2. Publicity 

3. Membership 

4. Social 

5. Ways and means. 

AETICLE VIII 

Amendments 

Amendments to this constitution may be adopted by a majority vote 
after they have been proposed at a previous meeting. 



74 The Parent-Teacher Association 

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 

PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 



A Handbook for Noeth Carolina 75 

(This Space Reserved for Amendments and By-Laws 
Added from Time to Time) 



DIRECTORY 

THE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND PARENT- 
TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS 

Founders of the National Congress of Mjothers 

Mrs. Theodore W. Birney 

Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst 

National Office 

1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., 
Washington, D. C. 

National Officers 
President, Mrs. MUton P. Higgins, 228 West Street, Worcester, Mass. 
Recording Secretary^ Mrs. Joseph Garibaldi, 214 Park Avenue^ Charlotte, 

N. C. 
Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. George B. Chandler, Eocky Hill, Conn. 
Treasurer, Mrs. Hubert N. Eowell, 3158 College Avenue, Berkeley, Calif. 
Auditor, Mrs. C. H. Eemington, 214 Waterman Avenue, E. Providence, E. I. 
Historian, Mrs. Giles Scott Eafter, 1724 Kilbourne Street, Washington, 

D. C. 

Executive Secretary 
Mrs. Arthur C. Watkins, 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C. 

National Organizer 

*Miss Lida E. Gardner, State Department of Education, Frankfort, Ky. 

Vice-Presidents 

Mrs. David O. Mears 9 Concord Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 

Mrs. Isaac L. Hillis 1625 6th Ave., Des Moines, Iowa 

Mrs. Fred Dick. 2755 West 32d Ave., Denver, Colo. 

Mrs. Henry O. Holland 108 Highland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Mrs. H. B. Farnsworth Missoula, Mont. 

Mrs. Eugene Crutcher 817 Lischey Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 

Mrs. J. C. Todd 502 Sheridan Ave., Tacoma, Wash. 

Mrs. A. L. Hamilton 836 N. Eaymond Ave., Pasadena, Calif. 

Mrs. A. P. Phelps 2233 W. Monroe Street, Phoenix, Ariz. 

Mrs. E. S. Doster Prattville, Ala. 

*Deeeased. 



A Handbook for North Carolina 



77 



THE STATE OFFICERS 

Every officer of an association should know the officers of the State association 
and chairmen of the standing committees. This page is designed to help officers of 
the state and local associations to remember these. If there are other officers than 
the ones named fill them in at the bottom of the page. If there are more committees 
do likewise. 



1921-22 



Title 


Name 


Location 


President 


Mrs. E. W. Sinclair 


Salisbury 


Eecording Secretary : 






Corresponding Secretary- 


Miss Katherine Albertson 


Qhina Grove 


Treasurer 


Mrs. A. A. Knee 


Charlotte 


Auditor 


Mrs. Burke Hobgood 


Durham 


Vice-Presidents 






First 


T. W. Andrews 


Salisbury 


Second 


Miss Bettie Aiken Land 


Greensboro 




Third 


Frank Ashley 


Washington 


*Fourtli 






Fifth 


A. W. Honeycutt 


Hendersonville 
Gastonia 




Sixth 


W. P. Greer 




Seventh 


W. A. Graham 


Wilmington 


Eighth 


E. J. Coltrane 


Eoanoke Eapids 


Ninth 


S. B. Underwood 


Ealeigh 


Tenth 


J. H. Cowles 


Lexington 


Department Chairmen 






Child Welfare 


Mrs. Wiley Swift 


Greensboro 


Legislative 


Mrs. Frank Castlebury 


Ealeigh 


Membership and Extension 


Mrs. J. F. Spruill 


Lexington 


Press 


Mrs. S. B. Whitley 


Wendell 


Ways and Means 


Mrs. Arthur Watt 


Greensboro 


Home Life 


Mrs. Walter Crowell 


Monroe 
Hamlet 




Mother's Circle 


Mrs. John Wade 





* No one to serve. 



78 



The Parent-Teacher Association 



THE LOCAL OFFICERS 



As is true of the local of&cers so it is true of the local members. Every local 
member should know the local officers and committeemen. The same general plan 
is followed in arrangement and information regarding the local association as waB 
used in the State Association. 



Title 


1921-22 
NAME 


1922-23 
NAME 


1923-24 
NAME 


OFFICERS 

President 








"Vice-President 








Secretary 








Treasurer 
























COMMITTEES 
Program 








Chairman 








Members 
























Membership 








Chairman 








Members 
























Social 








Chairman 








Members 
























Publicity 








Chairman 








Members 
























Ways and Means 








Chairman 








Members 
















Other Committees 

































A Handbook for North Carolina 



79 



A PARTIAL LIST OF PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS 
IN THE STATE 

The list includes only those organizations affiliated with the 
state association as given out by the state president. As others 
affiliate with the state association they may be added to this list. 



Asheville ; 

Montford Avenue School 
Murray School 
Asheland School 
Orange School 
West Asheville School. 
High School 

Biltmore 
Burlington 
Belmont 
China Grove 
Chapel Hill 

Charlotte : 

Dilworth School 
First Ward School 
Elizabeth School 
Third Ward School 
Fourth Ward School 
South Graded School 
Wesley Heights School 
High School 
Junior High School 

Durham : 

Durham School 

Morehead School 

Fuller School 

Watts Graded School 
Franklin 
Forest City 
Gastonia 
Greensboro : 

Lindsay Street School 

Spring Street School 

Simpson Street School 

West Lee School 

Asheboro-Pearsons School 

Training School 



Cypress Street School 
High School 

Guilford College: 

Guilford College High School 
Hamlet 
High Point 
Kinston 
Jamestown 
Lexington 
Maxton 
Middlesex 
Monroe 
Mooresville 
Morehead City 
Mount Airy 
North Wilkesboro 
Polkton 

Ealeigh : 

Ealeigh Wiley School. 

Murphy School 

Franklin School 
Eoxboro 

Salisbury : 

West Ward School 

Innes Street School 

North Main School 

Ellis Street School 
Troy 
Wendell 

Winston-Salem : 

West End School 
South Side School 
Bostic 
Derita 
Eed Springs 
Eeidsville 
Mocksville 



80 



The Parent-Teacher Association 



YEARLY PROGRAM FOR THE 

PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 



Date 


Subject 


Leaders 


Time 


Remarks 











































































































































































































































































































THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA RECORD 

EXTENSION SERIES 

Upon application the following numbers will be sent you for the price 
listed : 

8. Cooperative Institutions Among the Farmers of Catawba County. 

Price 25c. 

9. Syllabus of Home-County Club Studies. Price 25c. 
12. The Teaching of County Geography. Price 25e. 

21. Measurement of Achievement in the Fundamental Elementary School 

Subjects. Price 25e. 

22. Public Discussion and Debate. (Eevised.) Price 25c. 

23. The North Carolina Club Year Book — ^Wealth and "Welfare in North 

Carolina. Price 25c. 

25. Local Study Clubs. Price 25c. 

27. Standard Educational Tests and Measurements as a Basis for a Co- 
operative Plan. Price 25c. 

29. Comparative Eesults of a State-wide Use of Standard Tests and 

Measurements. Price 25c. 

30. The North Carolina Club Year Book — County Government and County 

Affairs in North Carolina. Cloth. Price $1.25. 

31. Compulsory Military Training. Price 25e. 

32. A Study of the Public School in Orange County, North Carolina. 

Price 25c. 

33. The State and County Council. Price 25e. 

36. Plays for Amateurs. Price 50c. 

37. Further Use of Standard Tests and Scales as a Basis for a Cooperative 

Research Plan. Price 25e. 

38. The Construction of Schoolhouses. -Price 50c. 

39. The Teaching of Geometry. Price 50c. 

41. N. C. Club Year Book — State Eeeonstruetion Studies. Price 75c. 

1. (Special Series.) Desig-n and Improvement of School Grounds. 
Price 75c. 



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ADDRESS: UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION, 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 



UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA EXTENSION BULLETIN 

Published twice a month, September, October, November, Decem- 
ber, and once a month, January, February, March, April, May, June. 

Succeeding and combining Univeesity of North Carolina Exten- 
sion Leaflets, Volumes I-IV, and The University of North Caro- 
lina Record, Extension Series 1-41. 



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